tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53284154085911907852023-11-15T10:58:26.085-08:00Flag writing paperOfficial List Of Toefl Essay Topicsdorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-51874787130540693832020-08-24T07:41:00.001-07:002020-08-24T07:41:06.042-07:00A Research Proposal to Counter the Implications of Sustained Global WarmingA worldwide temperature alteration is one of the most genuine difficulties confronting the world today.Defined as ââ¬Å"an increment in the normal temperature of the earthââ¬â¢s air, particularly a supported increment adequate to cause atmosphere change,â⬠it represents a huge hazard to the general climatic condition and the total populace when all is said in done. Generous logical proof demonstrates that a stamped ascend in the worldwide normal temperatures by more than 2à °C above pre-mechanical levels represents a huge danger to characteristic ecosystems.A supported mild increment of this size may cause an extensive liquefying of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, bringing about an unmistakable worldwide ocean level ascent of up to a few feet. Researchers dread that such environmental change is risky to numerous living things and foresee this might make whole species be cleaned out.Consequences of Global WarmingSeveral examines, not simply in the ongoing occasions b ear witness to this reality. It is anticipated that temperature rises whenever permitted to proceed may numerous species abandoned and unfit to adjust to the quickly evolving conditions. It has been demonstrated that the coral reefs are inclined to blanch and might be wrecked in conditions of tireless warming.Other climatic changes of an Earth-wide temperature boost incorporate continuous tempests and risky storms, and startling or abrupt varieties in the climate including savage warmth waves, dry spell and wildfire.Several inconsistencies are known to build up that sway tropical precipitation under an unnatural weather change. It has been demonstrated that a huge fall in dampness levels is prompted by the hotter tropospheric temperature and in this way precipitation is diminished. The variety in the gross wet steadiness is a potential figure that causes inconsistencies the anticipated provincial tropical precipitation (Chou, and Neelin, 2004).Statistical Evidence and AnalysisWhen t he Kyoto Protocol came into power in 2005 Greenpeace, the endeavor was praised as a positive indication of ecological refinement. There was currently a cost to be paid for causing atmosphere contamination â⬠punishments for polluters. The fantasies of a ââ¬Ëlow-carbon economy had been born.Two years after the fact, in any case, projections show that the European Union has missed the mark concerning its objectives for cutting ozone harming substance discharges, from the submitted 8 percent cut from the 1990 levels by year 2012. Evaluating dependent on current measures and strategies by 2010 the emanations will fall by a minor 0.6% beneath 1990 levels (Clogherty 2007).Several investigations show that the convergence of warmth catching gases in the environment at or underneath 450 sections for every million CO2-identical would split the odds of a worldwide temperature ascend over a 2à °C normal. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-84101991337834211732020-08-22T00:51:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:51:13.996-07:00Managing People and Teams Initial Performance ManagementQuestion: Portray about the Managing People and Teams for Initial Performance Management. Answer: Case One: Execution Management Initiative In the organization there has been started a presentation the board activity or program for boosting the inspiration of the representatives. The exhibition the board activity centers around the bringing straightforwardness, expanding co-activity and consolidating methodical input through the activity of execution the executives. There has been fused a 360 degree criticism and preparing and advancement meetings and motivating force program (Van Dooren, Bouckaert and Halligan, 2015). The exhibition the executives activities works in the accompanying manners: 360 Degree Feedback It is the input which helps in breaking down a person from whole related individuals from the organization. It incorporates the clients, providers, peers, subordinates, bosses, higher specialists just as self-assessment. This program is for the most part to know the significant regions of progress from all the levels. It is useful in nature as this aides in generally speaking improvement (Tee and Ahmed, 2014). Preparing and Development Sessions The presentation the board activity includes the different meetings which give preparing to the representatives to their turn of events and development. These preparation and advancement meetings are embraced by the mentors or the coaches who help in boosting the development and resolve of the staff individuals (Cummings and Worley, 2014). Motivating force Program This is one of the best pieces of the exhibition the executives activity. The motivator program is fundamentally consolidated so the persevering representatives can be acknowledged for their sharp endeavors and ceaseless difficult work. By this program the representatives can be propelled to work all the more viably and carry out higher profitability with incredible productivity (Gregory, et al., 2014). Effect of the Performance Management Initiative on the inspiration of staff It is important to break down the effect of the exhibition the executives activity as just this will help in assessing the viability of the activities attempted. Along these lines the presentation the board activity occurred in the Mining Co. additionally has a few effects over the exhibition of the representatives, their inspiration level and the companys efficiency. Following are effects of the presentation the board activity: Arrangement of destinations and Goals With the assistance of this presentation the executives activity, there has been expanded arrangement in the middle of the individual objectives and companys destinations. The two of them are showing up and satisfying on a concurrent premise. Workers are not trading off their individual objectives and targets for accomplishing the companys crucial objectives. Also, in this manner this exhibition the executives has helped successfully in adjusting the objectives and the destinations (Taylor, 2013). Goals of Conflicts and Doubts With the assistance of the activity executed in the Mining Co. it has been examined that the pace of contentions has been essentially declined and the contentions which occurred were likewise settled at the underlying stage as it were. The exhibition the executives activity likewise upheld in dealing with the different questions of the representatives and was fruitful in settling them through am open conversation and discussion with the workers (Redpath, et al., 2013). Expanded Motivation The most critical and fundamental effect of the exhibition the board activity was found in the inspirational degree of the staff individuals. As it was come about that the representatives has an expanded inspiration and their will to work was likewise upgraded with the successful execution the executives. The laborers are working calmly with a positive perspective (Jensen, Patel and Messersmith, 2013). Expanded degree of consistency Another effect of the activity is the expansion in the standard for dependability of the representatives as the activity persuaded the representatives to work viably just as gave a superior and improved workplace and in this way the degree of consistency will in general increment (Rothwell, et al., 2015) Improved efficiency There has been broke down and recognized there are certain effects of the presentation the board activity for the association as the general profitability or result expanded essentially. There were improved outcomes in examination with the aftereffects of past quarters and this perceives the exhibition the board activities are a lot of powerful from the association perspective likewise (Rothwell, et al., 2015). Let down of issues at working environment One increasingly positive effect of the presentation the board activity is that there has been a noteworthy decline in the pace of issues occurring at the work environment. Individuals are working in a blended manner and there is cordial condition in the organization and along these lines the event of the issues and clashes have diminished viably (Redpath, et al., 2013). Proposals to the board There are scarcely any proposals which are made to the board which exhibits that how the proposed activity will have a significant effect over the choices of pushing ahead: In the accomplishments of the authoritative objectives and destinations the presentation the board activity will help the Mining Co. viably as it will ensure that the individual objectives are likewise met of the workers while achieving the authoritative targets and in this manner the activity will help in boosting the development and advancement of the organization. The presentation the board activity will improve the comprehension and choice adopting strategy of the representatives and will straightforwardly aid quick dynamic and sparing the organization from inert time and will bolster in expanded efficiency. Case Two: Issue: Senior official on location wishing to leave In the Mining Co. there has been a critical given which was recognized at the separated destinations of the organization. It was discovered that in light of the two significant reasons the organization needs to confront an issue of leaving of the senior administrators. The essential explanation for this issue was the financial emergency which occurred in Greece (Simou and Koutsogeorgou, 2014). In the year 2007-08 the money related emergency occurred everywhere throughout the world and after this emergency, Greece was seriously affected by these monetary emergencies. The GDP was totally squat and the administration obligation expanded quickly. There has been up flood joblessness everywhere throughout the world and all these affected the working of both the little and the huge scope organizations (Madianos, et al., 2014). The second significant thing which drives the senior officials away from their activity is the expanding effect of the nearness of ISIS in the Middle East on outside nationals. There has been a huge and quick increment in the situations where ISIS individuals have hurt the individuals, killed or seized them. As the destinations are situated at the segregated spots it makes a feeling of peril and danger of the assaults and creates uncertainty and restriction to live at those disengaged locales and power the laborers to leave and remain at a more secure spot. The ISIS for example Islamic State of Iraq and Syria is a psychological militant association which is ceaselessly unnerving the individuals with their astray, frightful and noxious directs, for example, executions, devastation of memorable spots, human right maltreatment, ethnic purifying and a lot progressively untrustworthy behaviors (Wechsler, et al., 2016). What's more, this makes a dread and danger protected and secure living of the individuals. What's more, it came about into leaving the employments which are at confined and unbound locales where there is a danger of psychological milit ant assaults. Proposals to the board To cause the senior officials to hold in the organization there is a need that a more secure and secure work environment must be given to them with the goal that they don't work in the danger of the assaults. Along these lines for the settling this issue following are the suggestions given to the board with the goal that the circumstance of frenzy can be control and check: Increment workforce The primary explanation of danger is that the working environment is disengaged locales where there are vey less number of individuals are available. What's more, the essential advance the organization should take is to build the quantity of staff so that there can be increasingly human nearness and less odds of any sort of possibility to happen. Just as it will likewise help in adaptable rotational moves and will likewise bolster in diminishing the danger. Additional Incentives and money related advantages to the senior officials to support monetary precariousness and budgetary emergency In view of the monetary emergency and the budgetary flimsiness there ate dangers identified with occupations and to experience this danger and hazard the Mining Co. must give higher advantages and fiscal advantages to the senior administrators so they can have a superior maintainability and can deal with the conditions of monetary emergency without affecting their work life. The higher impetus is named as the fiscal inspirations give to hold the workers. To build security The organization must build its security by taking different activities, for example, by having different security defenders which can recognize the dangers and spare the representatives from any kind of assaults. There can be utilized for slug confirmation entryways in the organization which can assist the representatives with having a more secure spot to get away if there happens any badly arranged circumstance. There can be different other security activities like concealed cameras and so forth. To construct emergency courses of action There must be advancement of the emergency courses of action so that if there happens any non-happening circumstance or possibility the representatives and the organization are prepared to adapt ready. The emergency course of action must be powerful and exceptionally proficient which can successfully lessen the negative ramifications of the possibility. The possibility can be both a monetary/money related emergency and the ISIS assaults. There must be solid cures, for example, there can be authorized self-preservation arms accessible by the Government to the association just as different approaches to escape the circumstance (Schar dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-57188541478856058722020-07-18T17:04:00.001-07:002020-07-18T17:04:03.204-07:00Online Teaching Is the PD You Dont Know About YetOnline Teaching Is the PD You Dont Know About Yet Online teaching is more than just a job or side gig, but an opportunity to develop a unique skillset that is in high demand. We break down the different opportunities for professional development when you teach online and how to get started. by Julie Mason If a colleague down the hall told me that I could expand my teaching skill set, be part of a new generation of online teachers, while also getting paid, I would have said, âthat kind of professional development doesnât exist.â Community, compensation, and collaboration do not come to mind when I think about traditional professional development. When I was teaching, pd was a required training at a set time facilitated by someone who wasnât a teacher. I never had an experience like my colleague down the hall. But you can. âThe professional development landscape is shifting, and the possibilities for how and when to learn something new mean that you can integrate pd into your life rather than plan your life around it.â It is possible to grow your teaching practice, connect with other teachers, learn a new culture, and supplement your teaching income all on your own terms. What is unique about teaching online and how is it the pd you donât know about yet? Teach When You Want, Where You Want In a traditional teaching environment, you receive your class schedule and it doesnât change. You plan your life around your teaching, rather than integrating your teaching into your life. Online teachers decide when, where, and how much they teach. Your classroom no longer has an address, but can change depending on where you are and what your schedule is. If you decided to spend your winter break on a weekâs long ski trip, you could teach your online classes from the ski lodge. All you need is a computer with a camera, microphone, and an internet connection. Learn New Skills When You Want, Where You Want While I loved professional development at school because I was with my colleagues, I was often distracted by all the tasks I could be doing: papers to copy, essays to grade, lessons to plan. The training times never fit my schedule. I also couldnât choose how I received the information in the meeting. If I missed the meeting, there was no way to catch up and learn what I missed. While online teaching is in itself professional development, many online teaching companies also provide their teachers with the opportunity to participate in different types of workshops that allow them to integrate learning into their lives, rather than plan their lives around it. PD Becomes Your Next Side Gig When You Want, Where You Want I had a lot of side jobs to supplement my teaching, but I never had a side job that felt like professional development. Side jobs were always an obligation that took time away from teaching. When you teach online, you are not only compensated for your expertise, but you are also developing 21st century teaching skills. These skills will set your resume apart from other teachers who havenât taught students abroad or taught online. One of the challenges of being a teacher is when your life changes and the rigid and set schedule doesnât align with your needs. Maybe you have a new baby, and would like to spend a year working at home, but you donât want to stop teaching. Maybe your spouseâs job relocates your family frequently, and you want a teaching position that wonât change no matter where you move. Teaching online can allow you to still teach, while also adjusting to lifeâs changes. Connect with Other Teachers When You Want, Where You Want Some of my best lesson plans and teaching resources have come from other teachers. Thanks to technology, we are now able to connect with each other all over the world. Because of social media, there are endless opportunities to collaborate that extend beyond your classroomâs walls, and many of the teachers who meet online are eager to meet in person. Teach Globally Where You Are, When You Want I always hoped to teach abroad, but never had the opportunity to relocate. Teaching online gives you the chance to work with students from a different culture without leaving your living room. Online teaching is allowing teachers to take control of their schedule and teach when they want, where they want, and how much they want. If you are interested in learning more about online teaching, visit our Online Teaching Hub which is full of additional resources. Author Bio: Julie Mason is the Head of Curriculum and Content for TeacherVision. She taught middle and high school English for eight years, and then worked as an instructional coach, supporting K-12 teachers to blend and personalize their classrooms. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-50023941512896910952020-05-21T19:13:00.001-07:002020-05-21T19:13:03.605-07:00Anion Chemistry Glossary Definition and Examples An anion is anà ionic species having a negative charge. The chemical species may be a single atom or a group of atoms. An anion is attracted to the anode in electrolysis. Anions are typically larger than cations (positively charged ions) because they have extra electrons around them. The word anion [an-ahy-uhà n]à was proposed by English polymathà Rev.à Williamà Whewell in 1834, from Greek anion thing going up, referring to the movement of anions during electrolysis. Physicist Michael Faraday was the first person to use the term anion in a publication. Anion Examples Free chloride in anà aqueousà table salt (NaCl) solution:à Cl-Singlet oxygen:à O-Superoxide: O2-Hydroxide ion: OH-Sulfate: SO42-Al(OH)4- Anion Notation When naming a chemical compound, the cation is given first, followed by the anion. For example, the compound sodium chloride is written NaCl, where Na is the cation and Cl- is the anion. The net electrical charge of an anion is denoted using a superscript after the chemical species symbol. For example, the phosphate ion PO43- has a charge of 3-. Since many elements display a range of valences, determining the anion and cation in a chemical formula isnt always clearcut. In general, the difference in electronegativity may be used to identify the cation and anion in a formula. The more electronegative species in a chemical bond is the anion.ââ¬â¹Ã Look here for a table of common Anions. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-7810049721148049512020-05-06T23:42:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:42:34.071-07:00Essay on Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck - 1086 Words Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Hopes and Dreams Help People to Survive, Even if they can Never Become Real How is this true for George and Lennie/ the characters in ââ¬ËOf Mice and Menââ¬â¢? An important theme in ââ¬ËOf Mice and Menââ¬â¢ is that of hopes and dreams. The main dream is that of George and Lennie to own a smallholding and work self-sufficiently. Indeed the story both begins and ends with George narrating the dream to Lennie. As well as George and Lennie other characters such as Candy, Crooks, Curley and Curleyââ¬â¢s wife have dreams also. All of these hopes and dreams affect theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦George uses the dream to control Lennie as he behaves himself and works hard looking forward to the realisation of the dream. It is important for George that he continues his friendship with Lennie partly for companionship and party for more selfish reasons that Lennie is able to protect George and makes him feel and seem more intelligent. The dream is important to Lennie for similar reasons to why it is important to George. Primarily it keeps him on the straight and narrow, it makes him work hard, control his violent urges and obey George. He does this for fear of losing his role in the dream, ââ¬Å"you ainââ¬â¢t gonna get in no trouble, because if you do, I wonââ¬â¢t let you tend the rabbits.â⬠The dream is also beneficial to Lennie because it allows him to die peacefully. Not only are his final thoughts about tending the rabbits and living happily ever after but he is also spared imprisonment or hanging by Georgeââ¬â¢s devotion to the dream and hence Lennie. The most important function of this dream is to keep them together. Despite George constantly saying ââ¬Å"God aââ¬â¢ mighty, if I was alone I could live so easy.â⬠he stays with Lennie because they have made this dream together and are both striving to make it real. Lennie knows that he must stay with George because if he left he would lose this dream.Show MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck973 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction: I. Background A. John Steinbeck was born on February 27th, 1902 in Salinas, California. 1. Salinas River was one of the few centers for shipping, farming, and agriculture a. John Steinbeck worked as an employed laborer, digging canals and working beside men similar to characters in his novels. 2. In a discussion John Steinbeck said, I worked in the same country that the story is laid in. The characters are composites to a certain extent. Lennie was a real person. Hes in an insaneRead MoreOf Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck842 Words à |à 4 Pages it was not uncommon to become morosely secluded while working. Men would go far away from their families in search of any jobs they could get, with only themselves to confide in; colleagues only filling in the void of friends and family partially. Naturally, John Steinbeckââ¬â¢s novel Of Mice and Men, written during this period, would reflect this fact as a major aspect of the story. Loneliness would become the sinew of Of Mice and Men, manifested in some of the storyââ¬â¢s main characters: Candy, CrooksRead MoreOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck1358 Words à |à 6 Pagesthis expression to stress the fact that there are and will be difficulties in life. John Steinbeck, in his novella Of Mice and Men, does not fall short of the same views. It takes place in the year 1937, a period associated with the Great Depression, and illustrates the hardships of the time, and more so those that laborers such as George and Lennie experience. Life proves to be full of disappointments for both men who are victims of harsh circumstances in more ways than one. The two have a dreamRead MoreThe And Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1549 Words à |à 7 PagesThis essay will be exploring the role of women in the texts ââ¬ËDNAââ¬â¢ by Dennis Kelly and ââ¬ËOf Mice and Menââ¬â¢ by John Steinbeck. Both texts are quite dissimilar for the most part, with ââ¬ËDNAââ¬â¢ being a contemporary play, dealing with problems faced by modern youth groups and ââ¬ËOf Mice and Menââ¬â¢ being a classic novella. Set in the 1930ââ¬â¢s, the novella tells a story of two migrant workers who flee to Salinas, California, for work. In spite of this, both explore the presentation of female characters similarlyRead MoreOf Mi ce And Men By John Steinbeck894 Words à |à 4 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck once said, ââ¬Å"A journey is a person in itself; no two are alike. And all plans, safeguards, policing, and coercion are fruitless. We find that after years of struggle that we do not take a trip; a trip takes usâ⬠. In his novella, Of Mice and Men, two men go on an unexpected journey in search for their dream of happiness. There are many themes that come from their journey such as, the gilded American dream, the bond of male friendships, the power of women and femininityRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1433 Words à |à 6 PagesI am writing a literary essay on the novella, Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. I will be responding to the question describe an important character and explain how the character helped you understand an important message. In the novella, Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, two characters, Crooks and Curleyââ¬â¢s wife, help me understand the message ââ¬ËDiscrimination isolates peopleââ¬â¢. The book takes place in Soledad, California, mid 1930ââ¬â¢s, during the Great Depression, at a time when discriminationRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1747 Words à |à 7 Pages Of Mice and Men is a tragedy And The Pearl is a parable. Author s Name John Steinbeck -Title of Work #1: Of Mice and Men -Genre: Tragedy -Evidence of Genre (explain what makes the work an example of the genre): Tragedy is a branch of literature that uses a serious and dignified style the sad or unfortunate events encountered or caused by a heroic individual. In Of Mice and Men George and Lennie face a lot of tragic events. -Complete Summary of Work: Of Mice and Men is theRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1354 Words à |à 6 PagesThe novel ââ¬ËOf Mice and Menââ¬â¢, written by John Steinbeck, is set near the Salinas River in California, America during the Great Depression between 1930-1939. The Great Depression was a distressing time in the history of America as the unemployment rate was high which in turn led to poverty and hunger. During this time, many struggled to find work and this steered them to travel long distances, often without having anyone to talk to. Dreams were crafted by this travelling workforce and were somethingRead MoreMice Of Men By John Steinbeck785 Words à |à 4 Pages It was an hopeless time period. For George in steinbeck s book mice of men by John Steinbeck,it was the great depression.This was a time period of a deep and dark economic downturn that affected the whole country. While the story focuses on George and Lennie s struggles through this hopeless time.They were best buds that got along great. They went to farm to farm as migrant works to get there pay. George had to take care of Lennie throughout the book and pick up the pieces, but lennie was a kindRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1400 Words à |à 6 PagesOf Mice and Men, it is not just a band! Of Mice and Men was originally a short novel written by John Steinbeck in the 1930s. Regardless of the shortness in length, though, it is a rather deep and emotional book with quite a few messages behind the fictional storyline. These messages, however, cannot be discovered right off the bat. To genuinely absorb the messages Steinbeck teaches and actually understand the meaning behind them, one must read the book in its entirety. Steinbeck educates readers dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-28042974094028155352020-05-06T08:27:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:27:17.281-07:00Great Society Big Ideas Free Essays School Desegregation Montgomery Bus Boycott Tallahassee Bus Boycott Freedom Rides March on Washington Childrenââ¬â¢s Crusade Freedom Summer Selma March and Bloody Sunday own words) Boycott ââ¬â refusal to deal with something, such as a business, as a protest to force some kind of change Civil disobedience ââ¬â intentional breaking of a law in a nonviolent or passive manner Civil Rights Movement ââ¬â social movement of the asses ND asses to establish equality and civil rights for African Americans Integration ââ¬â acceptance and equal access for all people into a group or place Segregation ââ¬â enforced separation of groups Social activism ââ¬â use of direct action to bring about social change 7. 03: Minority Rights: The Big Ideas How were the Civil Rights Movement and other social movements of the asses similar? How were women viewed by most of society in the asses? How did this change in the ASSES? What was the Equal Rights Amendment? What happened to it? Who were the United Farm Workers? How did they fight for their cause? What was the Native American Power movement? How did life change for Native Americans in 1953? What did Native Americans gain through social activism in the asses and early ASSES? Gray Panthers (Who were they and what did they fight for? ) National Organization for Women (NOW) (What were their goals? ) Betty Friedman Phyllis Scholarly Cesar Caves Events (Describe the event, its causes and effects) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (How did it affect different minority groups? ) 1961 ââ¬â Presidentââ¬â¢s Commission on the Status of Women Title IX was passed How to cite Great Society: Big Ideas, Papers dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-34820301672019332292020-04-26T01:41:00.001-07:002020-04-26T01:41:02.987-07:00The Hobbit Summary Essay Example For Students The Hobbit Summary Essay This is a story about a Hobbit whose name is Bilbo Baggins. Onemorning thirteen Dwarfs and Gandalf The Wandering Wizard appearedat Bilbos door. The Dwarfs wanted Bilbo to help them conquer adragon named Smaug, who had taken over their land. When Bilbo woke up the next morning, they started out on a journeytowards Lonely Mountain. Then, a thunder storm came upon them andthey found a dry cave and slept there for the night. Bilbo wasawakened by a scraping sound, then he saw the stone wall open. The group was captured by Goblins. We will write a custom essay on The Hobbit Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They found themselves in a large cavern in the mountain. TheGoblin scowled at them. Then Thorin stepped forward and explainedto him that they did not mean to trespass. Gandolf appeared atthe door and freed the group from the goblins. The group ranahead and Bilbo was lost behind them. Bilbo found an underwater lake and a ring on an island in thelake. He found out that the ring made him invisible. In the lakealso lived a creature named Gollum. Gollum was a creature thatate other people. Gollum approached Bilbo and Bilbo told him hedesired to find a way out. They then played a riddle game and ifBilbo won, he lived and if he lost, he would die. Bilbo won theriddle game but Gollum still wanted to eat him, But then Bilboaccidentally slipped the ring on his finger and became invisible,so he escaped. He met with the group again and walked with them for a few days. Gandolf left the group a few days later. The ring Bilbo hadhelped the group through two more circumstances along the journey. The group made it to the base of Lonely Mountain. They thenclimbed the mountain and found a secret entrance to the inside,where Smaug was. Thorin and the Dwarfs stayed outside. Bilbowent down a hallway and came upon Smaug. He then slipped on thering he had found earlier and became invisible. Smaug awoke whenBilbo tried to steal a gold cup. Smaug knew that the Hobbit was there because he heard him. Smaugtold Bilbo that nothing could pierce his scales. But when Bilbosearched Smaugs body he found a scale was missing in one spot. So Bilbo grabbed the cup and ran out of the mountain. Smaug followed Bilbo and started burning the city. Meanwhile,Bilbo had told a bird to find a hunter named Bard the Hunter andto tell him that Smaug had a weak spot below the neck. Bard theHunter came and saw the spot and plunged an arrow into Smaug,Smaug fell down and died. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-57685449821877755902020-03-18T14:41:00.001-07:002020-03-18T14:41:02.795-07:00Lehigh University offers MBA program for new students EssaysLehigh University offers MBA program for new students Essays Lehigh University offers MBA program for new students Essay Lehigh University offers MBA program for new students Essay The application process for registering at the private school, Lehigh University, and its business program is open and rolling. Students who enroll for this online MBA program are employed. Lehigh University records and archives the classes. Applicants should know that the business graduate program at Lehigh has been accredited with the standard of accreditations for business schools. The academic year in which this online MBA program was founded is 1993-1994. There are around 267 participants enrolled in the course. As we mentioned, the deadline is rolling and the information applicants need can be found on the admission web-site www.lehigh.edu and the e-mail which you can find on the universityââ¬â¢s web page. The US rankings for this MBA online program are: score 73 and rank 128, rank 146 and score 36 for the studentsââ¬â¢ service and the technology service, rank 17 and score 89 for engagement of each student, rank 25 and score 75 for selectivity of admissions and the whole score for peer assessment is 2.8 from 5. The applying process is open and rolling for both US residents and students who come from other countries as well. Admissions director is Jennifer Giordano, the admissions web page is: http://lehigh.edu/mba Lehigh University gives MBAs. There are 15 instructors who come from the faculty and teach full-time on the online business graduate programs and 8 part-time faculty instructors also teaching the online MBA programs. The online classes allow for students from the campus to follow them as well. The total number of enrolled students is 267 and the average age of the entrants is 32 years. There are more male than female participants, 68.9% of the participants enrolled in the course are male and 31.1% are female. The Internet speed for theMBA course at the University is recommended to be DSL but there is no 24/7 tech live support. The response from an instructor should be expected in 24 hours. Tuition for part-time US students and the rest of the students is $1 050 per credit. The admission notifications start coming from January 15th. The admissions standards are the same for all of the different online MBA programs. There hasnââ¬â¢t been a case that a well-qualified student being denied. People who live abroad can also apply for the online program but the program does not offer DANTES courses. The last numbers reported showed that from 87 applicants, 77 were accepted. There were 69 new entrants and the acceptance rate is 89%. The average GPA of the undergraduates is 3.33 and 83%of the applicants provide their GPA. The average score from the GMAT is 620 and 65% of the entrants provide the GMAT results. 100% of all the applicants are with previous working experience. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-45225764888325020042020-03-02T06:28:00.001-08:002020-03-02T06:28:02.911-08:00March Madness Bracket StatisticsMarch Madness Bracket Statistics Every March in the U.S. marks the beginning of the Menââ¬â¢s NCAA Division I basketball tournament. Dubbed March Madness, the modern version of the first round of the tournament consists of 64 teams in a single elimination bracketà format. Office pools and Internet contests challenge fans to correctly guess the outcomes of all 63 games in the tournament. This is no small undertaking. In the first round of the tournament alone there are 232 4,294,967,296 possible brackets that could result. Statistics and probability can be used to knock this number of over four trillion down to a somewhat more manageable size. Each team is assigned a ranking or seed from #1 to #16 based upon a number of criteria. The first round of the tournament always follows the same format, featuring four games each of the following types: #1 seed vs. #16 seed#2 seed vs. #15 seed#3 seed vs. #14 seed#4 seed vs. #13 seed#5 seed vs. #12 seed#6 seed vs. #11 seed#7 seed vs. #10 seed#8 seed vs. #9 seed Making Predictions Predicting the winner of each game is a complicated process that involves comparing several different variables from each team. To simplify matters, results from previous tournaments can be helpful to make predictions for the current yearââ¬â¢s tournament bracket. The tournament has had the same 64-team structure since 1985, so there is a wealth of data to analyze. A prediction strategy using this idea looks at all instances where a #1 seed played a #16 seed. The results from these prior outcomes give a probability that can be used to make a prediction in the present tournament. Historical Results Such a strategy of picking the winner based on previous seed results is limited. However, there are some interesting patterns that start to emerge when examining the results from the first round of the tournament. For example, a #1 seed has never lost against a #16 seed. Despite a higher ranking, #8 seeds lose more often than not against #9 seeds. The following percentages are based on 27 years of March Madness with four of the same types of matchups in each tournament. #1 seed vs. #16 seed ââ¬â The #1 seed has won 100% of the time against the #16 seed.#2 seed vs. #15 seed ââ¬â The #2 seed has won 96% of the time against the #15 seed.#3 seed vs. #14 seed ââ¬â The #3 seed has won 85% of the time against the #14 seed.#4 seed vs. #13 seed ââ¬â The #4 seed has won 79% of the time against the #13 seed.#5 seed vs. #12 seed ââ¬â The #5 seed has won 67% of the time against the #12 seed.#6 seed vs. #11 seed ââ¬â The #6 seed has won 67% of the time against the #11 seed.#7 seed vs. #10 seed ââ¬â The #7 seed has won 60% of the time against the #10 seed.#8 seed vs. #9 seed ââ¬â The #8 seed has won 47% of the time against the #9 seed. Other Statistics In addition to the above, there are other interesting facts pertaining to the NCAA tournament. Since the 1985 tournament: Only once (4% of the time) has all four #1 seeds made it to the Final Four.Three times (12% of the time) no #1 seeds have made it to the Final Four.14 times (52% of the time) a #1 seed has won the entire tournament.The lowest seed to win the tournament is a #8 seed.The lowest seed to make it to the Final Four is a #11 seed. Use the above statistics at your own discretion. As the saying goes, Past performance is not an indicator of future success. You never know when a #16 team will score an upset. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-91519989024835266962020-02-14T21:52:00.001-08:002020-02-14T21:52:03.572-08:00Children as Equal Family Members Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsChildren as Equal Family Members - Essay Example It was Jean Jacques Rousseau who first stated that he believed that children should be encouraged to develop as befitted them the best and that they should learn what they had an aptitude to learn. He stated that ââ¬Å"We are born weak, we need strength; helpless, we need aid; foolish, we need a reason. All that we lack at birth, all that we need when we come to man's estate, is the gift of education.â⬠1 His ideas were that children should be lead along a path where they could learn and acquire knowledge in a manner that appealed to them. He also believed that children should be allowed to learn things that came naturally to them and they found easy to understand instead of being forced to learn about things that they did not want to know. These ideas influenced the thought of many philosophers and educators who came after him and it is believed that many of the institutions that are still viewed as progressive in this modern day gain their original inspiration from a man who was never properly schooled himself. The fact that he was not schooled and yet still came to be viewed as one of the greatest and most original philosophers of his day is a testament to his theory since he taught himself everything he knew and as such he would have followed his aptitude. Children were seen in the same light from the moment they began to talk until the time that they emerged as a true adult. There were no perceptions that at a certain point in their lives they thought and felt differently to their parents and other adults. There was no realization that they had different needs at different ages and as such these dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-63487873077033851612020-02-02T01:18:00.001-08:002020-02-02T01:18:03.365-08:00Political science - The Elites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsPolitical science - The Elites - Essay Example In such cases, the laws do not address the needs of the public, which usually leads to conflicts. This is clearly demonstrated by the numerous protests by various groups of people concerning their oppression. A good example is the American constitution, which was founded on the interests of the elites. As a result, it was not pleasant to the majority of the population, which brought forth the necessity for quick intervention by the elites. The intervention used in this case was the passage of the civil rights act of 1964, which was very good in reducing the oppression and discrimination of the minority and oppressed groups of people but also had hidden ideas (Hasday 96). In this case, the elites used it as a base for winning support from the public thus stabilizing their base of control and influence. Through the influence, the elites usually affect the publicââ¬â¢s point of view. In the initial stages after airing their views, the public usually falls for their view. This does not last for long as they later realizes that they were taken advantage of by the elites. Since the elites usually have access to the resources, they usually use them to win their support (Chase, D and Chase, A 20). A good example is in the case of feminist movement as outlined by Ryan. In this case, despite the women forming a larger part of the population, they were observed to be less privileged. Having got a clear understanding of this, the elites used the power and resources available to them and put into place laws that empowered them. This is evident in the grievances of the women who were among the founders of womenââ¬â¢s movement, which was formed in 1848. Through their hard work and dedication, the group expanded and had good coverage in various areas. Despite this, they did not get nationa l support, which raises questions to the reason behind the lack of support. Through the protest raised against dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-89591970753231959712020-01-24T21:40:00.001-08:002020-01-24T21:40:03.556-08:00Essay --Joe Reschke 8E #19 December 9, 2013 Research Paper There are about 3-4 million shipwrecks in the world. The shipwrecks are mostly spread in the Great Lakes and in the Oceans. Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum estimates that about 6,000 ships are wrecked on the bottom of the Great Lakes. The United Nations estimates about 3 million shipwrecks on the ocean floor. The great lakes, which can be seen from space, are the largest freshwater system in the world. The lakes are home to 3,500 species of plants and animals, 170 fish species, they contain 21% of the worlds freshwater, and they cover 95,160 square miles. They are home to about 6,000 shipwrecks. - Graph By: David Swayne of Great Lakes History.com This Graph represents the distribution of shipwrecks over various lakes. It show us that most shipwrecks that happen in lakes happen in the great lakes. The first ship (not including canoes) to ever travel on the Great Lakes, The Griffon, was shipwrecked. It was wrecked in a violent storm on Lake Huron. The ocean covers 70% of the Earthââ¬â¢s surface. The largest ocean on Earth is the Pacific Ocean. It covers around 30% of the Earthââ¬â¢s surface, and the Pacific Ocean contains around 25,000 different islands, many more than are found in Earthââ¬â¢s other oceans and, there are about 350 shark species in all of the oceans. Have you ever seen a shipwreck and wondered how it sunk or just wondered how ships sink in general? There are many reasons why boats sink. Ships are made to be on top of the water so when a wave brings water on top of the boat it will most likely cause it to sink. One of the most common ways for a boat to sink is when a boat finds itself in a massive storm and it gets engulfed with waves making water come on the b... ...while at Pearl Harbor. Her bow was severed and wrecked her command room. The main part of the ship and stern were still intact. The Shaw was temporarily repaired and returned to battle in The Battle of Santa Cruz Islands. The ship wrecked once again in January 1943. It ran aground near New Caledonia and this time returned for major repairs. After it was ââ¬Å"Reschke 7â⬠repaired again it was sent back to the warzone in October or 1943. It wasnââ¬â¢t done wrecking yet. In December 1943, The U.S.S. Shaw was hit with an air attack near Cape Gloucester. It once again had to go back for major repairs. Following those repairs The Shaw participated in the Invasion Of Guam. Subsequent to that in October 1944- 1945 it escorted pacific convoys to liberate Luzon and other parts of the Philippines. When the Pacific War ended the Shaw was scrapped. ââ¬Å"Reschke 8â⬠dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-82350219163858174942020-01-16T18:04:00.001-08:002020-01-16T18:04:03.990-08:00Environmental sciencesThe aims of prolonging yourself and their environment are about a dubious ground. Sustainability involves stagnation which refers to the rate of growing for human existences, workss and animate beings stay stable. This is far off from the instance, as our population rises with an unequal distribution, works and carnal resources are turning down at alone ratios. In developing states where industries are turning, urban conurbation threatens ecosystems and H2O resources. Promoting urban planning, preservation, and clean energy seems like it would be easier than traveling back subsequently and seeking to undo harm inflicted by unsustainable patterns. To command the population, this is basically to prolong the population. It is much more important that beginnings are apportioned every bit, and utilised conventionally. As our state, the United States of America is one of the topmost consumers of renewable and non-renewable resources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in order to accomplish sustainability in the United States, is concentrating on advancing green concern patterns, using more governmental ordinances and policies, and working on progresss in scientific discipline and engineering. In order to prolong ourselves, we have to derive cognition of what is needed, non what is wanted or desired. Harmonizing to The World Business Council for Sustainable Development ( WBCSD ) 2008, the measure of energy and material resources supplied required for industrial growing, the ingestion of natural resource is increases up to 170 % of the Earth ââ¬Ës bio-capacity by 2040. Sustainability is the footing for non merely by modifying our ingestion wonts, but besides by protecting and cognizing that natural ecosystems required being continued. If these systems do non hold clip to replenish, and if they do non maintain on cleansing of toxins and other pollutants, than the natural resources will complete. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development ( WBCSD ) 2008 considers that 60 % of the Earth ââ¬Ës ecosystem services have been humiliated in the initial 50 old ages. This debasement must be closed down, and citizens must give accent and act on environmental stewardsh ip. Sustainability is a idea that is hopeful and positive but non groundless. With the aid of planetary support and educational plans, continuing our environment is possible. We can merely wish to better our environment, so that population matters become the past experiences. Sustainability can non merely concentrates on population or even how clients in developed states are doing usage of merchandises. This requires being more holistic and taken into history environmental felicity and safety in add-on to societal and economic wellbeing.Mentions:The World Business Council for Sustainable Development. ( 2008 ) . Sustainable Facts and dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-17669545897353966682020-01-08T14:27:00.001-08:002020-01-08T14:27:03.607-08:00Lincoln and the Republicans - 934 Words The Civil War was a war that was fought over the civil and humane treatment of every person, regardless of their outward appearances. It left a scathing scar on the nation After the atrocities that were suffered in the Civil war, the nation need a way to heal itââ¬â¢s wounds and unite again. Lincoln had a battle of his own to fight within the congress for the Reconstruction of the nation, While Lincoln believed that the south had suffered enough and had a long road to recovery, the radical republicans wanted to punish the south. They believed that the act of secession by the southern states was treason and the penalties should be strict. Lincolnââ¬â¢s plan was amiable and compassionate. He wanted to unite the states swiftly with littleâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Lastly, according to Johnson, any finances that had been borrowed for the cause of fighting could not be repaid. Both of the positions on Reconstruction are not without merit. Each one wanted a pledge of unity fro m the Confederacy to ensure that secession would not happen. The country would not survive another separation. The republican also had a respectable view in that the country was formed as the United States of America. Yet, the south seceded when they felt threatened. Their proposals were harsh with good reasoning to back it as if the majority of a state agrees then there is less chance of the state seceding or not keeping the oaths that were made. Lincoln just wanted the country to get the country going again quickly because it had practically ground to a halt because of the war. Little did Lincoln know that the battle for the freedmen would continue for generations. Works Cited Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction. (n.d.). AP Studynotes. Retrieved November 17, 2010, from www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/presidential-and-congressional-reconstruction-plans/ Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction | APNotes.net. (n.d.). APNotes.net :: US History Notes, Guides, Practice Tests. Retrieved November 20, 2010, from http://www.apnotes.net/ch22.html Ironclad oath - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved November 20, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironclad_oathShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln vs the Radical Republicans Essay2594 Words à |à 11 PagesCivil War and how did it contrast with the principles of Radical Republicans? Table of Contents: INTRODUCTIONâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..3 HISTORICAL CONTEXTâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.3 LINCOLN: GRADUAL EMANCIPATORâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦......â⬠¦.6 RADICAL REPUBLICANS: SWIFT EMANCIPATORSâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦9 CONCLUSIONâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. WORKS CITEDâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. Introduction Abraham Lincoln is known as the President who helped to free the slaves, leadRead MoreThe Party Of Lincoln : Why African Americans Abandoned The Republican Party Essay2675 Words à |à 11 PagesThe Party of Lincoln: Why African-Americans Abandoned the Republican Party Hitch your wagon to a star, ââ¬Ëcause FDR, is giving us all a brand new deal. --Unknown Introduction The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on February 3, 1870, and granted African-American (Black) men the right to vote by declaring the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition ofRead MoreThe Impact Of The 1860 Presidential Election1442 Words à |à 6 Pagespresidential election as a cause of the American Civil War The 1860 presidential election of Abraham Lincoln greatly contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809, served as the sixteenth president of the United States. He was the very first Republican to serve as president, eventually leading the Union to victory during the civil war. Lincoln opposed the idea of the expansion of slavery but acknowledged that he would not interfere with slaveryRead MoreReconstruction Failure Essay1600 Words à |à 7 Pagesstruggle to figure out the division of powers between states and the federal government. Apart from these successes, reconstruction is widely seen as a failure, due to the fact that it didnââ¬â¢t protect slaves from persecution, or implement the radical republican ideas, which would have fundamentally redesigned the values of the south. The failure to do these things led to many civil injustices such as black codes, also known as Jim Crow Laws. These laws essentially replaced the wo rd ââ¬Å"slaveâ⬠with ââ¬Å"negroâ⬠Read MoreLincolns view on Slavery and How it Evolved Essay1676 Words à |à 7 PagesSlaveryâ⬠¦.And How It Evolved Abraham Lincoln spent most of his political career as a member of the Whig party endorsing policies that aided economic development, supported free soil and opposed the expansion of slavery. Lincoln was instrumental in creating the voice of the Republican Party and during that process his own views on slavery were shaped. He played the middle ground and therefore appealed to both former conservative northern Whigs, and radical Republicans. The Civil War proved to be a turningRead MoreTurning Points in History 1900s1080 Words à |à 5 Pagesdescribe two ways the Reconstitution period may have been affected if President Lincoln had not been assassinated. Finally, I will give examples of how the federal and/or state courts and legislature passed down laws between 1865-1900 that served to discriminate against non-white citizens and immigrants. The assassination of President Lincoln was one major historical turning point. Due to the assassination of President Lincoln, Andrew Jackson was left to be president. Andrew Jackson was a southernerRead MorePresidency of Abraham Lincoln Essays1486 Words à |à 6 PagesBreckinridge of Kentucky for the southern. The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln at the convention in Chicago. The nomination of Lincoln showed a growing power of the Midwest, and perceived more a reasonable on slavery than the early front runner, Senator William H. Seward of New York. John Bell of Tennessee was nominated by a Constitutional Union Party that was formed to conserve the nation but strong only in the upper South. Lincoln and the Republicans denied any intent with slavery in the statesRead MoreLincoln and Good Politics Essay946 Words à |à 4 PagesLincoln and Good Politics Politicians today as well as yesterday must appeal to the masses to have any chance at being elected into office. Leading up to and during the election of 1860, with tensions rising between the North and South, the issue of slavery was a key to winning the election. Abraham Lincoln had repeatedly affirmed that Congress had no constitutional right to interfere with slavery in the South (Enduring Vision, p. 399). This modest view is what won him the RepublicanRead MoreThe Radical And The Republican Essay960 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Radical and the Republican: Fredrick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the triumph of Antislavery Politics, written by James Oakes connected the politics and the point of views of both Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass towards the issue of slavery and the emancipation of slaves. Oakes interpretations of both men were very detailed in showing their reason and politics behind their positions they served in society on the topic of slavery. Abraham Lincoln, the republican, and Fredrick DouglassRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address as an American Tipping Point850 Words à |à 4 PagesTipping Point Without slavery, the rebellion could never have existed. Without slavery, it could not continueâ⬠(Lincoln). The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 marked the most decisive points of the Civil War, and of American history as a whole. With the stroke of his pen, Lincoln expanded the powers of the president, redefined the Unions goals in the civil war, and fortified the Republicans moral base and prominence for years to come, while rekindling morale for the Union soldiers. Thirteen years dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-82951296588603540492019-12-31T10:52:00.001-08:002019-12-31T10:52:04.661-08:00Definition And Purpose Of Education - 1668 Words It is perhaps misleading to refer to a singular meaning and purpose of education. Instead, as this essay will show, the meanings ascribed to it vary considerably, dependent on the positionality of the speaker and their sociocultural context. ââ¬ËEducationââ¬â¢ itself is a highly contested term, and so the answer to the question posed is necessarily a complex one. Educational systems, as part of the structure of a society, derive much of their character from it. They aid in the transmission of knowledge from one generation to the next, reproducing that which the dominant culture finds valuable. Schooling, it can be said, exists more for the benefit of society than for the individual. This cultural reproduction can take a multiplicity of forms within the educational context, ranging from the starkly evident to the subconscious and implicit. However, this theory of purpose is far from a universally accepted one, and alternatives will also be examined here. Sewell (2007), drawing on Wittgensteinââ¬â¢s linguistic theories, suggests that the meaning of ââ¬Ëeducationââ¬â¢ is not fixed but contextual; it therefore carries a multiplicity of meanings and cannot be reduced to any one formal definition. This is in keeping with Mathesonââ¬â¢s (2004) description of the term as ââ¬Ëelasticââ¬â¢ and capable of stretching to encompass whichever qualities the speakerââ¬â¢s rhetoric demands. Yet in order for the word to fulfil its function, there must be core commonalities of meaning. One highly influential definition wasShow MoreRelatedThe Definition And The Purpose Of Education1484 Words à |à 6 Pagesanalyses the definition and the purpose of education. I first define education as a particularly social activity through the integration from different views. Then I introduce the education in China, in the process of quality education reform, which can be taken as a shift from the utilization of education. The current situation, however, is unsatisfactory and problematic because the reform seems to be just a formality. Partially as a solution to this, I describe the purpose of education to focus onRead MoreA Critical and Rhetorical Analysis of William Cronons Only Connect.1712 Words à |à 7 PagesA Liberal Education? Not According to Cronon. A Critical and Rhetorical Analysis of Cronons Only Connect. While the term liberal education is heard from the most prestigious university to an inner city community college, the phrase itself has a hazy definition at best. While educators across America struggle with the definition of the phrase, William Cronon uses purpose, structure, and appeals in his essay Only Connect: The Goals of Liberal education, to define a liberally educated being andRead MoreChallenges of Teaching Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders1735 Words à |à 7 PagesChallenges of Teaching Students with EBD There are many challenges presented to the education system in teaching students with EBD. Many of these challenges are related to the interpretation of the definition of EBD itself. This paper will address the many challenges of teaching students with EBD including a discussion of the definitions presented to the Federal government for adoption. EBD Definitions The definition of EBD according to IDEA 2004 states that emotional disturbance includes at leastRead MoreIntroduction. Nowadays, There Are More And More People1638 Words à |à 7 Pagesdifferent degrees and different ways. It seems that education has become a common word in daily life and it seems to be easy to understand. In fact, education, as a social activity, with a long history of development, a complex and diverse internal structure, interacts with other social activities in multilevel and multifaceted way. Through the long history,educators,thinkers,politicians and scholars have answered the question of what education is in different ways: some see it from the perspectiveRead MoreEducationese Power Point1012 Words à |à 5 PagesEducationese Inclusion ïâ⺠Inclusion places a special needs student in a regular education classroom for the full day or part of the day(Webster). ïâ⺠Inclusion is good in the classroom so the kids can make friends and feel like they are not being left out. Informal assessment ïâ⺠An informal assessment is assessing a student in a casual atmosphere using checklists, observation, performance and the student may not even know about it(2014). ïâ⺠An informal assessment helps a teacher understand what levelRead MoreEssay about Critical Thinking: Evaluation1572 Words à |à 7 Pagesof an Academic Source This paper is a summary of critical evaluation of the suitability of an article as an academic source. The title of the article is Critical Thinking: An Extended Definition. The author, Professor Ken Petress, analyzes various definitions of critical thinking and provides his definition of the concept as well. It is vitally important when performing research on a topic that we completely understand the topic and that we can apply certain tests or questions to the topic inRead MoreStruggling to Define Industry in the Industrial Disputes Act805 Words à |à 3 PagesINTRODUCTION No other provision of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (hereinafter ID Act) has been under as much scrutiny as the definition of ââ¬Ëindustryââ¬â¢ given under section 2(j). To avail the benefit of the ID Act, it is necessary for the worker to prove that his place of employment falls under the purview of the definition of ââ¬Ëindustryââ¬â¢ in s 2(j). Over the years the judiciary has laid down certain tests and criteria to determine and limit (or as seen later, expand) the scope of the legislationRead MoreEssay on My Personal Philosophy of Education1490 Words à |à 6 Pages Philosophy of Education Relating my reasons for becoming a teacher was not a very difficult task for me; to accomplish this task I simply needed to reflect upon and describe some of my own personal experiences. I relied basically upon my memories and thoughts about my own educational experiences. However, describing my philosophy of education was much more difficult task for me to accomplish. First of all, before I could properly describe my philosophy, I realized I needed a workingRead MoreBenefits Of Co Teaching For Students With Special Education1189 Words à |à 5 Pages 2004). A student with special needs has the right to a free and appropriate public education. This is mandated under the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA 2004). This law also states that a student should be educated in their least restrict environment. Ideally, this would be the general education classroom. Co-teaching was designed to support the needs of students with disabilities in a general education setting. Resea rch studies have shown that co-teaching can be very effective for studentsRead MoreThe National Physical Education Standards Essay888 Words à |à 4 Pagesto accomplish a physically healthy lifestyle. Both the National Physical Education Standards(AAHPERD) and the Mississippi Physical Education Frameworks assist educators in designing a curriculum that teaches students about the necessity and fundamentals of physical activity. There are obvious differences and similarities between both educational standards as far as their content and structure goes. However, both the purpose and function of both standards are still analogous. Both standards inform dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-9395621079599411622019-12-23T06:39:00.001-08:002019-12-23T06:39:03.920-08:00Everyone Has Heard, Read, Or Even Experience Hiv. Those Everyone has heard, read, or even experience HIV. Those letters stand for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If left untreated, HIV can lead to the disease AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Unlike some other viruses, the human body cannot win the battle against HIV. Once someone contracts the virus, it will attack the bodyââ¬â¢s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the immune system to fight infections. Over time, HIV can destroy many of these cells, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections or cancers. The United Nations currently estimates that there are close to 34 million people in the world living with HIV. New infections with HIV have a very rapid rate of approximately 16,000 every day and 6â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The relationship and differences between rich and poor countries has been proved to be an important factor to consider when analyzing different epidemiologic rates. The United Nations under its special sector named UNAIDS has a specific goal of closing the resource gap for HIV responses. UNAIDS identifies the lack of external funding as one of the major factors involved in the inequity between developed and developing countries. The flattening and decline of HIV external funding concerns not only low-income countries, historically dependent on foreign aid, but also an increasing number of classified middle and upper-middle income countries in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region, and Latina America and the Caribbean. UNAIDS also exposes ââ¬Å"the lack of data on HIV spending, funding flows and unit costs, coupled with inadequate expenditure tracking and financial planning and management skills among AIDS program managers that make it difficult not only to take stock of domestic investment and potential inefficiencies, but also to properly plan and make the case for HIV investment.â⬠The Global AIDS Fund, founded in 2002, is a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and people affected by the diseases. The Global Fund raises and invests nearly US$4 billion a year to support programs run by local experts in countries and communities most in need. They believe that ââ¬Å"the only way to end AIDS,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Amazing Grace1936 Words à |à 8 Pages Amazing Grace, written by Jonathan Kozol. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At first glance, it seems that the author is going to take us on yet another journalistic ride through the land of the poor. 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Article 13 ~ The child shall have the right to freedom of expression, this right shall include to see, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-69801265485126246822019-12-15T03:09:00.001-08:002019-12-15T03:09:05.174-08:00Embedding and Extracting of Secret Data Free Essays BLOCK DIAGRAM 3.1 TRANSMITTER Section In Transmitter subdivision there are 3 parts: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.div class="phdessay__article-cta" We will write a custom essay sample on Embedding and Extracting of Secret Data or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.001.png"/ Figure 1 The block diagram Transmitter subdivision In Transmitter subdivision there are 3 parts: Input screen Images Encoder subdivision Output Stego Image The screen image used for the proposed strategy to be taken as an input Original screen Image which is used for implanting secret informations in it. Encoder unit is composed of Generation map and secret keys. Encoder determines whether it is smooth country or edged country depending upon the threshold value. In smooth country little figure of spots implanting compared to inch country. Finally at the sender subdivision Stego image is generated which is a combination of secret keys and screen images. 3.2 RECEIVER Section img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.002.png"/ Figure 2 The block diagram Receiver subdivision In Receiver subdivision there are 3 parts: Input Stego Images Decoder subdivision Output Cover Image The Stego Image is taken as an input to the receiver side. The Stego image is decoded right by utilizing secret keys and coevals map to obtain the screen image. The secret keys used in both the sender and receiver side are same. Pixels in the border countries are embedded by Q-bit of secret informations with a larger value of Q than that of pels placed in smooth countries. Chapter 4 PROJECT METHODOLOGY 4.1The proposed adaptative strategy There are five secret keys viz. R1, R2, v1, v2, T and 1 6 v1, 1 6 v2, ( v1 + v2 ) lt ; 6. The mean different values of a four-pixel block are utilized to sort the block as a smooth country or an edge country. The scope of mean different value is partitioned into two different degrees, smooth degree and border degree. Q-bit of the secret information is embedded in Pixels located in the block, where Q is decided by the degree in which the norm different values belong to. In the implanting procedure of secret informations, harmonizing to the secret keys v1 and v2, the smooth degree will utilize lower value v1 while the border degree uses greater value v1 + v2. The information embedding procedure is given in Section 2.1.1 and the extracting stage is described in Section 2.1.2. 2.1.1. The implanting stage in proposed adaptative method The original image is separated into non- overlapping four-pixel blocks. For each block, there are four neighboring pels ââ¬ËPi, jââ¬â¢ ; ââ¬ËPi, j+1ââ¬â¢ ; ââ¬ËPi+1, jââ¬â¢ ; ââ¬â¢ Pi+1, j+1ââ¬â¢ and their corresponding grey values are y0, y1, y2, y3, severally. The undermentioned flow chart shows elaborate working of implanting stage in proposed adaptative strategy img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.013.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.012.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.011.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.011.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.010.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.008.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.007.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.006.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.005.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.004.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.003.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.014.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.018.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.017.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.016.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.015.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.019.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.020.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.024.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.023.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.022.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.021.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.027.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.026.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.012.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.025.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.030.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.029.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.028.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.033.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.032.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.031.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.034.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.036.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.035.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.037.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.039.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.038.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.040.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.041.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.042.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.048.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.047.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.046.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.045.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.044.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.043.png"/ The elaborate embedding stairss are as follows. Measure 1: Generate Two sets Kr and Kc utilizing threshold Hr ( R1, v1 ) and Hc ( R2, v2 ) , severally. Via sets Kr and Kc form a discrepancy of a Cartesian merchandise viz. , Kr _ Kc. Set Kr _ Kc generates an ordered set of combinations of Kr and Kc with 2v1 â⬠¢ 2v2 = 2v1+v2 elements ( Eq. ( 1 ) ) . Kr*Kc = { Kriaâ⬠ââ¬Å¡aâ⬠ââ¬Å¡Kcjaâ⬠ââ¬Å¡ , Kri Ãâ Kr, Kcj Ãâ Kc, i=1,2,3â⬠¦ .img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.049.png"} =1, 2, 3â⬠¦ ..img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.050.png".â⬠¦ ( 1 ) Measure 2: Calculate the mean difference value D, Which is determined by img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.051.png"â⬠¦ . ( 2 ) Where ymin is ymin=min { y0, y1, y2, y3 } Measure 3: Using Threshold T and D find smooth block, Edge block and mistake block. i.e. a ) If D lt ; =T, D belongs to Smooth block. B ) If D gt ; T, D belongs to Edge block. degree Celsius ) If D lt ; =T and ( ymax- ymin ) gt ; 2*T+2, D belongs to Error block. Measure 4: Repeat measure 3 for full image Measure 5: Capacity= ( ( border block* ( v1+v2 ) ) + smooth block*v1 ) ) *4 Measure 6: For smooth block obtain I utilizing Kr A ; Secret informations and findââ¬Ëdââ¬â¢ . For border block: ââ¬â d=img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.050.png"? ( i-1 ) +jâ⬠¦ . ( 3 ) For smooth block: ââ¬â d= Iâ⬠¦ .. ( 4 ) Measure 7: Create pel group utilizing ââ¬Ën=2^Qââ¬â¢ . degree Fahrenheit ( Lolo ) =yi mod n+1 â⬠¦ . ( 5 ) Measure 8: Using pel group embed the Secrets spots Measure 9: If No Of Secret Data=Capacity, travel to step 10 else measure 6. Measure 10: Apply mistake cut downing process for minimising perceptual deformation between screen A ; stego image. Example: ââ¬â Assume we have a block part with 4 neighboring pel values ( 210, 237, 198, and 183 ) , and the secret information informations for implanting in original image are ââ¬Ë10010101110000111010ââ¬â¢ . Suppose v1 = 2, v2 = 3, R1 = 257, R2 = 36 and T = 25. Here first coevals map Kr= { 000,100,010,011,001,110,101,111 } is created by utilizing Hr ( R1, V1 ) i.e. Hr ( 257,2 ) and 2nd coevals map Kc = { 01,11,10,00 } is generated by utilizing Hc ( R2, V2 ) i.e. Hc ( 36,3 ) , after that by utilizing equation ( 2 ) calculate the mean different value ââ¬ËDââ¬â¢ = ( 96/3 ) =32 which is greater than threshold value T, so the present block has been positioned in border country and is embedded Q = 5 Numberss of spots of secret informations in each peculiar pel. Hence, sum entire 4 * 5 = 20 spots are embedded in given block. Here for first pel into the block, e.g. y0 = 210, the initial part of secret informations ââ¬â¢10010ââ¬â¢ is split into the two sub-strings ââ¬Ë100ââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ë10ââ¬â¢ . Then, we get one = 2 and j = 3 because the 6th constituent of Kr is ââ¬Ë100ââ¬â¢ and 4th constituent of Kc is ââ¬Ë10ââ¬â¢ . Harmonizing to equation ( 3 ) , we computeââ¬Ëdââ¬â¢ utilizing 8 * ( 2ââ¬â1 ) +3 = 11. After that, the pel group ââ¬ËGââ¬â¢ is formed for the pel value y0 = 210 with n =img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.052.png"= 32. Here g 19= 210. Finally, the stego-pixel y`0 can be achieve from the dth component of G, i.e. y`0 = g24 = 202. Likewise we can happen leftover stego-pixel y`1 = 249, y`2 = 201, y`3 = 185 and therefore stego-block ( 202,249,201,185 ) is achieved. After using readjusts process we get concluding stego-block ( 202, 241, 201, and 185 ) . 2.1.2The pull outing stage in proposed adaptative strategy Like the implanting procedure, Partition the stego-image into four-pixel blocks. The undermentioned flow chart for pull outing informations from stego image in proposed adaptative strategy explains elaborate working flow img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.053.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.054.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.055.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.056.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.027.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.059.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.058.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.057.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.060.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.064.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.063.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.062.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.061.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.027.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.026.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.065.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.067.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.066.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.068.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.032.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.069.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.070.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.009.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1863648.071.png"/ The undermentioned stairss are executed to pull out the secret information. Measure 1: Input signal Stego Image, Secret keys R1, R2, v1, v2, T Step2: Generate Kr A ; Kc Using R1, R2, v1, v2 Step3: Initialize i=0 A ; j=0 Measure 4: if I lt ; =M A ; j lt ; =N, travel to step 5 else halt. Measure 5: Calculate Average Diff ââ¬ËDââ¬â¢ utilizing combining weight. ( 2 ) Measure 6: Exploitation Threshold ââ¬ËTââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËDââ¬â¢ find smooth block, Edge block and mistake block. i.e. a ) If D lt ; =T, D belongs to Smooth block. B ) If D gt ; T, D belongs to Edge block. degree Celsius ) If D lt ; =T and ( ymax-ymin ) gt ; 2*T+2, D belongs to Error block. Measure 7: Create pel group utilizing n=2^Q and degree Fahrenheit ( Lolo ) =yi mod n+1 Measure 8: Determine place informationââ¬Ëdââ¬â¢ . Measure 9: Fromââ¬Ëdââ¬â¢ extract secret informations. Example For case, we extract the implanting illustration ( 151, 88, 193, and 133 ) , which is shown in the before subdivision. Assume v1 = 2, v2 = 3, R1 = 257, R2 = 36 and T = 25. The coevals map Kr = { 001, 110,101,010,111,100,011,000 } is formed by utilizing Hr ( R1, V1 ) i.e. Hr ( 257,2 ) and Kc = { 00,10,11,01 } by utilizing Hc ( R2, V2 ) i.e. ( 36,3 ) are produced. Here D gt ; T, hence this block is placed in edge country and hence Q = v1 + v2 = 3 + 2 = 5 spots have embedded into each Pixel in the block. In present block sum, 4 â⬠¢ 5 = 20 spots are embedded. Let us see 3rd pel into the block ( e.g. y ââ¬Å" 2 = 202 ) . The pel group G is created for value 202 via Eq. ( 5 ) With n = 32. We create the variant Cartesian merchandise Kr _ Kc, which is value 202 with n = 22+3= 32. The place of stego-pixel 202 in G is 1, because vitamin D = ( 202 mod 32 ) + 1 = 3. The piece of binary secret informations ââ¬Ë00001ââ¬â¢ can be extracted because ââ¬Ë00001ââ¬â¢ is the 3rd constituent of Kr _ Kc. In the same manner, has extracted the secret information subdivision ââ¬Ë10010ââ¬â¢ for Yââ¬Å"0, ââ¬Ë10111ââ¬â¢ for Yââ¬Å"1and ââ¬Ë11010ââ¬â¢ for Yââ¬Å"3. Finally we achieve ââ¬Ë10010101110000111010ââ¬â¢ which is the similar secret information informations in the implanting illustration of before subdivision. How to cite Embedding and Extracting of Secret Data, Essay examples dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-11984086498796886942019-12-06T23:53:00.001-08:002019-12-06T23:53:02.455-08:00Theologies of Moltmann and Pannenberg â⬠Free Sample Solution Question: Discuss about the comparing and contrasting the theologies of Moltmann and Pannenberg within the rubric of theology of hope? Answer: The approach that has been adopted by Jrgen Moltmann and Wolfhart Pannenberg is similar but at the same time, some differences are also present in this regard. One such similarity is present regarding the nature of Bible, as it neither follows the doctrine of installation nor the doctrine of inerrancy. On the other hand, while talking about the difference between the approaches adopted by the two, you can be said that while Moltmann wants that the theology should be capable of relating with the experiences of life, especially the question of theodicy. The thing done by Moltmann to systematic theology is the volume that is called "contributions" even if these volumes are related with theology from a general perspective only (Gunton, 1997 p145). But on the other hand, there is Pennenberg as it appears that he is more interested in producing the theology that is more coherent, systematic, apologetic and didactic. In this way, he does not appear to be interested in making sure that the t heology can be related with life experiences or at least it can be said that this is not equally relevant for Pennenberg as it is relevant to Moltmann (Clark, 2003). While Moltmann is probably considered as the most prominent one, but certainly he is not the only theological of hope. Another one that can be named in this regard is Wolfhart Pannenberg and he also achieved significant popularity in the United States after the late 60s. In 'Revelation as History', Pennenberg has written a noteworthy essay in which, and understanding can be found regarding all reality in terms of eschaton, the Christ event being the beginning of that nature and also regarding the concept of God as being the God of future. In the same way, when it comes to actual theology, there can be several differences related the areas like The Trinity, the final judgment, eschatology etc.. However one similarity that can be pointed out between these two is that both of them lay emphasis on the power of future over present but when it comes to having more understanding of this, there are significant differences present between the two. While Hagel is read by Moltmann in such a way that it provides an understanding regarding the fact that future is the revolutionary and transformative overcoming of presence (Moltmann, 1980). But in case of Pennenberg, future is considered as something that is proleptically found in the present and as a result, it is not necessary that the president should be dramatically upended as it can be improved gradually (Pannenburg, 1987 p7). In this way, the differences that are present in the readings of Hegel can be associated with the way in which Moltmann and Pennenberg have developed their own political views. Moltmann considers the tension that is present between the cross and resurrection as being the insurrection of God against the worldly powers that enslave and marginalize, and in the end, destroying humanity (Schwarz, 2012). This position, along with the fact that he considers future as overcoming the present can be used to explain the political views of Moltmann, particularly the reason behind the fact that his writings were able to achieve significant popularity during liberation theology movement. If it is considered by the people that the status quo present in sociopolitical world is not capable of even gradual transformation for the betterment, revolutionary change may be required. In this way, Moltmann believes that democratic socialism is the only way through which a more equitable outcome can be achieved. On the other hand, Pennenberg is in the favor more democratic capitalist model that is capable of becoming more just and fair over time if needed (Wright and Paternoster, 2000). In the same way, the difference that is present between their view of Hegel also has an impact on their view regarding the way history is impacted by divinity. As a result, Pennenberg believes that the likelihood of the resurrection of Jesus actually taking place can be deduced which means that the resurrection can be approached in the same way as any other historical event is approached. On the other hand, in the opinion of Moltmann, resurrection of Jesus Christ is not such an event that can be discussed in terms of history. He believes that it is an event that can make the history and in this way, this event breaks the power enjoyed by history. References Gunton, C., (1997) The Doctrine of Creation in Cambridge Companion to Christian Doctrine, p.145 Pannenburg, W., (1987) The Doctrine of Creation and Modern Science, p.7 Jrgen Moltmann, 1980, Why am I a Christian? in Experiences of God, Philadelphia: Fortress Press T T Clark, 2003, Spirit of the Last Days: Pentecostal Eschatology in Conversation with Jrgen Moltmann, by Peter Althouse, London Nigel Wright, Carlisle, Paternoster, 2000, Disavowing Constantine: Mission, Church and the Social Order in the Theologies of John H. Yoder and Jrgen Moltmann Schwarz, Hans, 2012. 'Wolfhart Pannenberg' in The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity J.B. Stump and Alan G. Padgett (eds.) Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-19750364795992019692019-11-29T11:34:00.001-08:002019-11-29T11:34:03.515-08:00Strauss Last Saturday, May 7, 2011, a Sofitel chambermaid entered a $3000 per night suite because she was instructed to clean it. But when she was inside she was confronted with a man without clothes and immediately this person started attacking her.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strauss-Khan Arrested for Attempted Rape specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She was dragged to a nearby bedroom and when the man tried to remove her underwear she was able to fight back and escape. It was later found out that the man was no ordinary pervert for he is Dominique Strauss-Khan, the 62 year old head of the International Monetary Fund or the IMF (CNN Wire Staff, 2011, p.1). This study attempts to examine the report by CNN.com and analyze how data was used and how it can shape the opinion of the readers. Quality of Information The first thing that comes to mind is the source of the information. This news article did not come from a tab loid or any gossip column. This news article comes from CNN, through its official website CNN.com (CNN Wire Staff, 2011, p.1). It immediately creates a sense of assurance within the reader that information coming from this source is reliable and not based on baseless accusation or a product of a writerââ¬â¢s imagination. CNN has an organization has a well earned reputation of being an objective source of information that those who visit their website are assured that they have reporters who are trained to get raw information and then process it to produce news that can be relied upon for its accuracy. The same thing can be said about the report on Strauss-Khan and his alleged criminal offense. The high quality of information provides an objective view of the case. The reporter did not try to arouse the emotions of the reader. As much as possible the reporter focused only on the facts of the case. Later on it will be pointed out why the reporter chose to interview this person as o pposed to interviewing someone with merely an opinion or a casual observation of what happened.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Methodology The reporter who wrote the news article did not simply rely on the work of others. Secondary information is not the core foundation of the article. A reporter went after people that have first-hand knowledge about the incident. Thus, the reporter had a direct line of communication with the alleged perpetratorââ¬â¢s lawyers Benjamin Brafman and William Taylor. By doing so the reporter was able to discover a crucial piece of news, Strauss-Khan will plead not guilty. The reporter also used investigative techniques to interview Deputy New York Commissioner Paul Browne in order to get relevant and accurate data about the case. In other words the reporter is expected to receive nothing less than official statements regarding the role of the police in the apprehension of Strauss-Khan. This also serves as a way to verify the process used to determine if there is a strong case against the IMF head. It is important to establish an airtight case against Strauss-Khan because he is considered a minor celebrity and therefore there are many people who will benefit from his legal problems. Strauss-Khan is the leader of powerful and influential organization and therefore there are many ways that his lawyers can create a defense that can weaken the allegations made against their clients. Although the news is something that can easily be sensationalized it is difficult not to feel skepticism considering that Strauss-Khan is a high-profile target of many unscrupulous people. It is therefore imperative for the CNN reporter not only to report about the superficial aspects of the case but to help inform the readers if there is a basis for such accusations. The reporter did not disappoint because in the course of the investigation he was able to determine that there was a police line-up made immediately after the arrest and the maid was able to identify Khan from the line-up assembled by the police and strengthening the case that indeed the maid knew the perpetrator and that she did not simply made it up.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strauss-Khan Arrested for Attempted Rape specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reporter also reached out to IMF headquarters. This is a clear sign of objective reporting and goes to show that the news agency delivering the news did not show any bias towards a person or group. But more than that the result of the interview provided a picture of how the IMF responded to the issue. The IMF seems to treat the case as a personal problem between Strauss-Khan and his accuser. It also seems as if the IMF tried to distance itself from Straus-Khan. Intended Audience The intended audience is the general public and everyone who a re considered as consumers of news content. It is for people who have access to the Internet and educated enough to understand the terms and languages used in the report. Although it can be said that the report is made accessible to everyone using non-technical language and easy to understand terms it is also correct to say that the intended audience are those who understand global politics and finance. Although experts are not the only people who can appreciate the said news article only those who have an idea about what the IMF does and what its role is in terms of nation building can truly appreciate the importance of this news article. On the other hand those who are interested in reading about powerful officials embroiled in a sex scandal can also enjoy this piece. Assumptions The reporter used investigative techniques and proceeded to write an objective new article because this is based on the assumption that any person charge of a crime should be considered as innocent until proven guilty. With regards to this case there are a lot of incriminating evidence. For instance Strauss-Khan left his phone when he tried to take a plane to France.Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The IMF headquarters also confirmed that Strauss-Kahn was not in New York for official business. It is also suspect as to the timing of his sudden departure that coincided with the reporting of the maid to the front desk as to the alleged crime. The minor injuries suffered by the chambermaid are also circumstantial evidence that makes it appear that Strauss-Khan is indeed guilty. But the reporter did not construct an article that highlighted these findings because it will appear as if he is giving his opinion regarding the case. It is therefore important to point out that the writer tried to find out more in order to present a more balanced view of the case. As a result he included the information regarding the police line-up. Analysis The analysis is reliable and valid. The reporter did not gather secondary information and wrote based on hearsay. The reporter went to the place where it happened and interviewed the personalities that have a direct bearing on the outcome of the case. The reporter did not simply interview chambermaids in the Sofitel hotel, the place of the alleged scene of the crime. The reporter did not interview passersby but went straight to those who can provide official statements from their capacity as lawyers, police commissioners, and employer. The conclusion is valid and appropriate because the reporter did not take shortcuts in order to create a reliable and accurate news article regarding the incident. Both sides of the story was sought and therefore a more balanced view was given. It was implied that Strauss-Khan is considered not guilty under due process has taken its course and has found guilty of the crime. Nevertheless, the reporter supplied the information that helps explain why police officers were able to stop a plane from taking off and went aboard to apprehend Strauss-Khan. It can be seen that there is enough evidence for a judge to see that there is indeed a case against Strauss-Khan. Conflict of Interest There is no confli ct of interest and there is no ethical issue that can cloud the veracity and validity of the new article. CNN will not benefit from the downfall of Strauss-Kahn. CNN is not organization that directly received funding from the four major sources of information, namely the IMF, New York Police Department, Sofitel, and the lawyers of Strauss-Kahn. Thus, CNN and the reporter who wrote the news article can provide an unbiased view of the incident. There is no conflict of interest and there is no ethical issue that will arise as to the motivation of the CNN reporter to know more about the case and wrote a news article about it. CNN is new agency and it is the responsibility of the writers and producers of the said organization to go after newsworthy stories and inform the general public about it. Conclusion The report was handled by a reputable organization known all over the world for its high standards. The readers are assured that every time a new article from CNN has been published th en they can rely on it for its objectivity and accuracy. Thus, when the new broke out that Strauss-Khan a high profile figure in the world of international finance was embroiled in a sex scandal, readers knew immediately that this should be taken seriously. The same reaction is not expected if the news came from tabloid and other organizations that has not yet proven their capability to deliver top quality news article. Nevertheless, the reader has still to examine the information contained therein to be sure that the CNN reporter did his job to provide a balanced and accurate news article. After reviewing the news article one can make the conclusion that an investigative type of reporting was used and that the reporter relied on first-hand information collected from official sources. The people interviewed did not merely provide opinion and what they feel about the case. They provided information that was very beneficial to those who are interested to know if indeed there was a cas e against Strauss-Khan or if this was just a scheme to discredit him and tarnish his reputation. Reference CNN Wire Staff. (2011). IMF head to plead not guilty in alleged attempted rape.à CNN.com Web. Available from:à http://edition.cnn.com/2011/CRIME/05/15/new.york.imf.questioning/index.html?hpt=T1 . This essay on Strauss-Khan Arrested for Attempted Rape was written and submitted by user M.O.D.A.M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-11921362925720223902019-11-25T16:00:00.001-08:002019-11-25T16:00:05.370-08:00Free Essays on Amateur And Professional Historians Of The United StatesAmateur and professional historians tremendously shaped the United Stateââ¬â¢s history; historians made America what it is today. Historians came to us in many different fashions. From heroes that founded our nation, intelligent inventors, even to the people who just simply wrote down our history so Americans could know what our ancestors went through. Historians from America write about a large variety of issues and conflicts that the United States history witnessed: the agriculture, illnesses, leisure, banking, and even the sewer systems of elder times. Historians have helped us to link the past more to the present. An Italian philosopher, Benedetto Croce, observed that ââ¬Å"every true history is contemporary historyâ⬠. Croce was trying to cast that history was a science and could recover objective truths if properly practiced; he insisted that the past is unknowable. This does not mean that one cannot find out anything solid about the past, it means that no account of the past is free of perspectives, prejudices, and the priorities of the author. There were few major groups of historians that dramatically shaped the mold of American history: the Nationalists, Progressives, Consensus, Old Marxists, and the New Left. Each division of American historians includes several people who symbolize what each group stood for. The Nationalists were the dominant historical school during the 1870-1920 time period. They believed that America was a great country and believed it as a legally constitutional place. The Nationalists were predominantly pro-business and were considered the ââ¬Å"captains of the industryâ⬠. Andrew Carnegie, Walt Whitmen, and Allan Nevins were a few of the Nationalists prized historians. Andrew Carnegie and Walt Whitmen were both considered as amateur historians, and Nevins was a professional historian. All of these men thought highly of America and its constitutional foundations. Andrew Carnegie, Triumphant Democracy, ... Free Essays on Amateur And Professional Historians Of The United States Free Essays on Amateur And Professional Historians Of The United States Amateur and professional historians tremendously shaped the United Stateââ¬â¢s history; historians made America what it is today. Historians came to us in many different fashions. From heroes that founded our nation, intelligent inventors, even to the people who just simply wrote down our history so Americans could know what our ancestors went through. Historians from America write about a large variety of issues and conflicts that the United States history witnessed: the agriculture, illnesses, leisure, banking, and even the sewer systems of elder times. Historians have helped us to link the past more to the present. An Italian philosopher, Benedetto Croce, observed that ââ¬Å"every true history is contemporary historyâ⬠. Croce was trying to cast that history was a science and could recover objective truths if properly practiced; he insisted that the past is unknowable. This does not mean that one cannot find out anything solid about the past, it means that no account of the past is free of perspectives, prejudices, and the priorities of the author. There were few major groups of historians that dramatically shaped the mold of American history: the Nationalists, Progressives, Consensus, Old Marxists, and the New Left. Each division of American historians includes several people who symbolize what each group stood for. The Nationalists were the dominant historical school during the 1870-1920 time period. They believed that America was a great country and believed it as a legally constitutional place. The Nationalists were predominantly pro-business and were considered the ââ¬Å"captains of the industryâ⬠. Andrew Carnegie, Walt Whitmen, and Allan Nevins were a few of the Nationalists prized historians. Andrew Carnegie and Walt Whitmen were both considered as amateur historians, and Nevins was a professional historian. All of these men thought highly of America and its constitutional foundations. Andrew Carnegie, Triumphant Democracy, ... dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-65047536402885616442019-11-21T23:24:00.001-08:002019-11-21T23:24:03.764-08:00Resistance Efforts of the Biblystock Ghetto, Sobibor Concentration EssayResistance Efforts of the Biblystock Ghetto, Sobibor Concentration Camp uprising, and Partisian Groups - Essay Example Despite their defeat, the Jews chose to die while resisting the Nazis rather than die in concentration camps helpless. Many of the Jews were eventually brutally killed even though they tried to resist. Some committed suicide while others just waited for fate to take its course. (Arad 323). Most of the resisters were confined and later transported to concentration camps, and others were murdered on the spot. The efforts of the Jews living in Biblystock ghetto were not successful as expected by the Jews. Most of them were killed after their resistance failed to bore fruits. Sobibor concentration camp accommodated Jews deported from diverse locations like ââ¬Å"France, Germany, Polandâ⬠and other areas (Arad 324). The Jews were transported by train to the camp, and later killed in gas chambers. More than two hundred thousand Jews were killed in Sobibor. The Jews decided to be rebellious and decided to form an organization that was to kill German soldiers. Their objective was to free themselves from the sufferings and brutal killings. Nonetheless, their mission was not successful the Jews were only able to kill eleven German soldiers and a few camp guards. Their initial objective was to kill the German soldiers, and walk out of the camp free (Arad 325). Nonetheless, the murder of the soldiers and camp guards were discovered and the camp was set on fire. The prisoners tried free themselves from the fire, but only a half of the total prisoners were able to escape from the camp. In the end only a few of the escapees endured the war, while the rest of the prisoners died in mine fields and others were recaptured and brutally killed by the Germans (Arad 326). Partisans groups started forming resistance organization after the German soldiers attacked them. The partisansââ¬â¢ resistance was considered one of the successful resistances against the Germans (Arad 327). At the initial stages, the group was poor in resources and without dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-1619966736836869502019-11-20T18:16:00.001-08:002019-11-20T18:16:05.701-08:00Delaware Water Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsDelaware Water Gap - Essay Example The deepest point of the river is about 55 feet (Hickman, 2004). The river is about a mile wide separating New Jersey from Pennsylvania. There are various theories that explain the development of the Delaware Water Gap.à Currently, it is said to have developed through a series of processes which included the continental shift, mountain building, erosion and capturing of streams and rivers. It is believed that over 450 million years ago, there was a continental shift that led to the collision of Africa and North America (Hickman, 2004). The impact caused by this collision caused the earth crust to rise leading to the formation of mountains along the collision lines. The Appalachian ranges, as well as the Kittantinny Mountains, were formed during this collision. The rivers and streams that flowed along these mountains carried pebbles and sand to the West. The sand and pebbles were deposited in layers. These layers became compacted and erosion resistant forming a conglomerate rock kn own as the Shawangunk Formation. The Shawanguk Formation is a gray quartzite that is highly resistant to water erosion. Over millions of years, different types of rocks were laid on top of the Shawanguk formation. About 300 million years ago, during the mountain building era, pressure built that forced the compacted layers of rock to fold and crumple (Hickman, 2004). The geological pressures during the mountain building era shattered the layers of rock. The shattered layers were eroded with time at different rates. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-50856375856372182462019-11-18T18:52:00.001-08:002019-11-18T18:52:03.572-08:00Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Being a disease with no certified medication, every state/ nation of the world feared the penetration of the virus into its territories. At the time, the governments placed all possible measures to prevent the spread of the disease into their countries. Despite all these efforts, the fear of Ebola could not be eliminated from not only the ordinary nationals, but also the medical practitioners. Responding to the vigorous spread of the disease, the author decided to write a journal that would explain various measures that can be put in place for preparedness and prevention of Ebola. The main purpose of the paper therefore was to enlighten every the different stakeholder and possible victims of the Ebola disease, on how the disease could be prevented. For instance, the journal was aimed at the health service providers (e.g. nurses), to be careful when handling the suspected of confirmed Ebola patients. The author achieves this goal by advising them to wear protective attires when handling such cases. The journal also enlightened the ordinary people, on the various ways through which the Ebola virus could be contracted. For instance, the author stresses that the main way through which Ebola is contracted is through direct contact with the infected person. The author also had a goal to advise governments on how Ebola virus spread could be prevented. In his article, he points out that, since there is no effective treatment for Ebola disease, the only method that can help in controlling the spread of the disease is by quarantine. This advice to the government would assist in isolating the suspected or confirmed Ebola patients, and specialized attention given to them. This prevents unnecessary spread of the disease. The journal targets any person, who needs to get information about the prevention of Ebola disease. Looking at the time during which the article was written, ideally, dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-45128930607431612302019-11-16T07:24:00.001-08:002019-11-16T07:24:07.884-08:00Psychology Of The Fraudster Profile Of Fraudsters Criminology EssayPsychology Of The Fraudster Profile Of Fraudsters Criminology Essay It is important to understand the profile of a typical fraudster, by type of fraud he/she has committed, in order to control and detect a fraud. In case of an asset fraud, the person is generally someone who was not suspected, oftentimes least suspected. The profile of white-collar criminals is very different from blue-collar criminals, or street criminals. This statement makes fraud even more difficult to inhibit or identify. Who Commits Fraud? According to the principles mentioned above, one might conclude that fraud is caused mainly by factors external to the individual that include financial, economic, social, and political factors, and poor controls. But, what about the individuals? Are some people more inclined to to commit fraud than others? And if so, is that a more serious cause of fraud than the external and internal environmental aspects as discussed earlier? Data obtained from criminology and sociology gives the same impression. Start by making a broad view about people: Some individuals are honest all the time. Some individuals are deceitful all the time. Most individuals are honest some of the time. Some individuals are honest most of the time. A study was conducted to ask employees whether they are honest at work. Forty percent said they would not steal, 30 percent said they would, and 30 percent said they might. A part from those overviews about people, what can one say about fraud committers? About Lying, Cheating and Stealing, Gwynn Nettler, suggestions these understandings on cheaters and deceivers: People who have experienced failure are prone to cheat. People who are not liked and who hate themselves are more likely to be more deceitful. People who are thoughtless, capable of being distracted and unable to delay fulfilments are more likely to involve in deceitful crimes. People who have a sense of right and wrong (fear of anxiety and punishment; that is, awareness of disclosure) are more resistant to commit a crime. Intelligent people are more likely to be honest than uneducated people. Middle and elite-class people tend to be more honest than lower-class people. The easier it is to fraud and cheat, the more people will do so. Individuals have different needs and levels at which they will be adequately driven to lie, cheat, or steal. Lying, cheating, and theft increase when people are under stress to attain important objectives. The struggle to survive leads to deceit. Individuals lie, steal and cheat on the job in a variety of individual and administrative situations. The ways that are followed are: Personal variables Skills/abilities Attitudes/favourites Personal requirements/needs Morals/principles Organizational variables Type/scope of the job (meaningful work) Preparation/training provided Credit/acknowledgment system Significance of administration and management Clarity of duties Clarity of job-related objectives Interactive trust Motivational and moral environment (ethics and values of superiors and co-workers) External variables Amount of competition in the industry General financial conditions Social values (ethics of challengers and of social and political role models) The question rises; Why Do Workers Lie, Steal and Cheat on the Work? There are 25 reasons behind employee crimes that are looked by authorities in white-collar crime (criminologists, sociologists, psychologists, auditors, risk managers, police, and security experts): The employee believes he can escape from it. The employee thinks he/she badly needs or desires the money or articles that are stolen. The employee feels unsatisfied or disappointed about some part of the job. The employee feels upset or unhappy about some aspect of his personal life that is not related to job. The employee feels mistreated by the employer and wants to get even. The employee fails to think through the penalties of being caught. The employee thinks: everybody else cheats, so why not me? The employee thinks: theyre so big, stealing a little bit wont damage them. The employee doesnt know how to manage his/her own income so is always penniless and ready to steal. The employee feels that defeating the organization is a contest and experiment and not a matter of financial advantage alone. The employee was economically, socially, or traditionally deprived during childhood. The employee is compensating for an emptiness felt in his personal life and needs love, care, and friendship. The employee has no willpower and steals out of an impulse. The employee believes a friend at work has been subjected to embarrassment or misuse or has been treated unethically. The employee is just simply lethargic and will not work hard to earn enough to buy what he/she desires or needs. The organizations internal controls are so relaxed that everyone is attracted to steal. No one has ever been put on trial for stealing from the organization. Most employee thieves are caught by coincidence rather than by audit or design. Therefore, fright of being caught is not a warning to theft. Employees are not encouraged to discuss personal or financial problems at work or to seek managements advice and guidance on such matters. Employee stealing is a situational phenomenon. Each theft has its own former situations, and each thief has his/her own purposes. Employees steal for any reason the human mind and thoughts can call up. Employees never go to jail or get strict prison punishments for stealing, deceiving, or cheating from their employers. Human beings are weak and susceptible to to sin. Employees nowadays are morally, ethically, and mentally ruined and bankrupt. Employees tend to follow their superiors. If their superiors steal or cheat, then they are most likely to do the same. Laws must be sensible, fair in application and applied quickly and efficiently to be respected and obeyed. Company strategies that relate to employee honesty, like criminal laws in general must be sensible, reasonable, and projected to serve the companys best economic interests. The test of reasonableness for any company fraud policy is whether its terms are understandable, whether its punishments or preventions are appropriate to a real and serious matter, and whether its application is possible in a well-organized and legally effective way. But what particular employee actions are serious enough to be banned and/or punished? Any act that could or does result in significant loss, damage, or destruction of company assets should be forbidden. What is acceptable or considered significant will vary by organization, but wherever the limitations are defined, they must be well conversed, demonstrated by upper management, and applied as essential. The greatest warning to criminal conduct is a guaranteed and impartial justice; that means immediate detection and uneasiness, a quick and fair trial, and punishment according to the crime: loss of civil rights, honours, property, individual freedom, or societal approval. Having said all that, why is it that, regardless of the terrible consequences of criminal conduct, it still happens? Obviously, it is because the rewards obtained frequently go beyond the risk of uneasiness and punishment; that is, the troubles caused by punishment are not as severe as the pleasures of criminal conduct. The latter seems to be mainly true in cases of financial or white-collar crimes. Many times, when a fraud is noticed, the extent of punishment and penalty of the crime is sometimes without even paying back the fraud damages. So while prospective white collar criminals may believe they might get trapped, but still the consequences are below the satisfaction which they get by committing the crime. High-Level and Low-Level Thieves At high levels of administrative life, it is easy to steal because controls can be avoided or bypassed. The amounts that high-level managers steal, therefore, is likely to be greater than the amounts low-level employees steal. For example, according to the 2008 ACFE (Association of Certified Fraud Examiners) RTTN, executives average about à £834,000 per fraud, managers about à £150,000, and employees about à £70,000. The number of events of theft, however, is greater at low levels of administrations because of the large number of employees found there. The ACFE RTTN has gathered a profile of fraudsters based on the information collected from CFEs (Certified Fraud Examiner) in its assessments. The more expensive frauds, in terms of cost or losses, are committed by fraudsters who (a) have been working with the company for a long time, (b) receive a high earnings, (c) are males, (d) are above 60 years of age, (e) are well educated (the higher the educational degree completed, the higher the damages), (f) work in groups rather than alone, and (g) have never been accused with anything criminal. The most common frauds, however, are done by fraudsters with a different profile. These fraudsters (a) have been a worker for about the same amount of time as the high-level thieves, (b) earn much less, (c) could be either male or female (sex doesnt matter), (d) are between the ages of 41 and 50, (e) have completed high school, (f) work alone, (g) and have generally not been charged with any criminal conduct. Hall and Singleton provide a similar profile for a usual fraudster in general. These criminals are (a) in an important position in the company, (b) are usually male, (c) are over 50 years old, (d) are married, and (e) are well educated. This profile is similar to the one from the ACFE RTTN, and leads us to this general conclusion: A white-collar criminal does not look like a criminal! Who Is Victimised By Fraud Most Often? Measures to protect against fraud by either organization insiders or outside dealers, suppliers, and contractors must be sufficient; that is, they must achieve the goal of control-cost-feasible protection of assets against damage, loss, or destruction. Cost-feasible protection means minimal expenses for full protection. Generating an organizational police state would be too much control. A sensible viewpoint on controls and countermeasures is the best, and may require involving staffs in creating control policies, plans, and procedures. A well-adjusted viewpoint considers the costs and benefits of the proposed new controls while developing a trusting culture that includes loyalty and honesty. A distrusting culture is often associated with frauds. However, complete trust with no answerability is the main cause of fraud. Fraud is therefore most widespread in organizations that have no controls, no trust, no ethical values, no profits, and no prospect. Similarly, the more these situations exist, the higher the risk of fraud. Observed evidence shows that the most common factor in all frauds committed is the lack of setting apart of duties with no compensating control- a situation commonly presents in small business units. Small businesses and establishments (e.g., charities) have a higher risk of fraud than any other size business, because they are more likely to have one accountant, no isolation of duties, and no compensating control, and those factors are the most common in fraud. Start with the amusing hypothesis that most people are honest. Its a nice way to look at the world, and it recalls childhood memories about learning that honesty is the best policy and George Washington telling his father, I cannot tell a lie. Unhappy to say, human past and human nature tell a different story, and so do the statistics that study them. While most societies clearly dislike violent crime and physical harm, many societies hold financial fraud, whatever its scale, as a less disgraceful offense. Charles Ponzi, creator of the Ponzi scheme, was famous in some regions as a folk hero and praised by many of the people he helped. Investors and executives, whose frauds can upset thousands or tens of thousands of lives, have historically been punished with comparatively light punishments or serve their time at a low-security federal tennis camp. Some scholars have called this attitude toward white-collar crime a falsification of our general societal admiration for intelligence. During much of the past century, psychologists and sociologists worked hard to understand the inner workings of people who commit white-collar crime. Edwin Sutherlands White Collar Crime, the most significant work in the field argued in 1939 that an individuals personality has no relevance to a tendency to commit such crimes. Somewhat, he said, economic crimes create from the situations and social bonds within an organization, not from the biological and psychological features of the individual. Sutherland also made the useful and obvious, observation that criminality is not limited to the lower classes and to social misfits but spreads out, particularly where financial fraud is concerned, to upper-class, socially well-adjusted people. Over the many decades since White Collar Crime was published, convincing studies have concluded that two aspects should be kept in mind while analysing the psychology and personality of the fraudster: The natural abilities of an individual, which differ widely and influence behaviour, including social behaviour The social abilities that are derived from people and in turn shape how the individual deals with other people From these studies of psychology, two common forms of financial fraudster have been noted: Calculating criminals who want to compete and to affirm themselves Situation-dependent criminals who are anxious to protect themselves, their families, or their businesses from a disaster Since these studies were published, a third form of criminal has appeared out of disastrous business failures and humiliations. We will call them power brokers. Calculating Criminals Calculating criminals are hunters. They tend to be repeat criminal acts, they have higher-than-average intellect, and theyre relatively well educated. They typically start their careers in crime later in life than other criminals. These hunters are generally motivated to risk taking-no surprise there-and they lack feelings of anxiety and sympathy. A correlated view, somewhat different in its prominence, was offered in a 1993 study of Wall Streets insider-trading scandals by a team of psychologists who proposed that individuals eager to commit such crimes had an external locus of control-that is, they do not have inner direction, self-confidence, and self-respect and were driven by their desire to fit in and be accepted. Additionally, the study found that they describe success by others standards. Situation-Dependent Criminals But the main bulk of corporate criminals are not hunters at all. They are situation-dependent offenders: apparently ordinary people who commit crimes without the intending to harm others. This is significant in understanding white-collar crime, because nearly all news reporting and much of the scholarly literature in the area focuses on shocking, highly publicized, and largely a typical cases and ignores the more common and ordinary criminals and offenses that account for most white-collar crimes. Typical White-Collar Criminal Older (30+ years) 55% male, 45% female Appeared to be from a stable family Above-average (postgraduate) education Less likely to have criminal record Good mental health Position of trust Comprehensive and full knowledge of accounting systems and their weaknesses Previous accounting experience Source: ACFE At the start of an investigation, the forensic accounting investigator often sits down with the client and examines the organizational chart. The forensic accounting investigator and the client talk about each employee one by one, about each employees work, and about what is known of the lifestyle of each. What about Amanda? the forensic accounting investigator might say, pointing to an employee on the chart. No, it could not be Amanda. She has been with us for 20 years, the client responds. She is always helping others with their duties. She is nice and rarely takes time off. My wife and I have been to her home. Our sons are on the same football team. The client may believe that what he knows, or thinks he knows, about Amandas character and removes her from the list of suspects of fraud. In fact, an experienced forensic accounting investigator will understand that Amanda fits the profile of a white-collar criminal. This is not to propose that all nice people are criminals but, rathe r, that most white-collar criminals give the appearance of being nice people, thereby fitting the exact profile of Amanda. Power Brokers Many of todays highly placed corporate criminals show features of each of the previous two categories, but they are different enough in their methods and motives to possess a category all their own: power brokers. Like many of us, you have read about their excesses and asked yourself how respected business leaders could have been so fooled as to believe that they could grab the financial and human resources of their companies to line their own pockets and deceive a wide range of investors, including their own employees. Are the U.S. corporate leaders now facing criminal charges, which began their careers with the intention of creating a company that would enrich themselves while finally destroying the dreams and plans of thousands of innocent victims- are employees and investors alike? Were all of them hunters? Probably not. But a combination of hunter characteristics and the circumstances of their positions led them to commit financial crimes. Fraudsters Do Not Intend To Harm Generally speaking, situation-dependent criminals carry out their frauds with no purpose to harm any one. A high-ranking executive of Westinghouse Electric Co. who was accused of price-fixing in 1961 was asked whether he thought his behaviour was illegal. He responded: Illegal? Yes, but not criminal. Criminal action means hurting someone and we did not do that. It is critical to an understanding of the psychology of such people to accept this key point: most of them carry out their frauds with no intention of doing harm, and they believe-they are able to convince themselves-that what theyre doing is not wrong. These people may even convince themselves that what theyre doing is for the good of the company and everyone associated with it, including employees, investors, creditors, and other constituencies. Or they may believe that they deserve the spoils they seize because they rationalize their crimes as immaterial, innocent, or deserved-but not wrong. In most cases, they start small, but with time as the fraud grows in size, usually encompassing more than one scheme. Kinds of Rationalization In many admission-seeking interviews, suspects confess to their crimes, but rarely do they say, I stole the money. Instead, they bring up their rationalization for the crime. Such rationalizations can be of many kinds: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ It was a loan, and I had every intention of paying it back. See (pulling out a spreadsheet), I kept track of all my loans so that I could pay it all back one day. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ That accounting rule is confusing and subjective. Accounting for the transactions in the manner I chose is entirely acceptable. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ My boss has been cheating on his taxes for years. Im just getting my share. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Everyone in this industry takes kickbacks. Im sure my employer is aware of it, and thats why they dont pay me very much. They expect me to supplement my income with gifts from our suppliers. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Im the hardest-working employee here, and I know my boss would give me a substantial raise if he could do it without other people knowing. Instead, I take a little bit, but Im actually saving the company money because only I get the raise.' à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ What do you expect me to do? You give me no health insurance coverage, and I need to provide for my children and my parents. They depend on me, and I cant let them down. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ There are a lot of good people here. If I didnt make up a few entries to give the appearance to corporate that we were making budgeted income, they would close our division and put 50 people out of work. I did it to save their jobs. In sum, rationalization enables a person to take that final step toward crime. Motivations for Fraud à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦Ã ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦..In a 2001 article, The Psychology of Fraud, the authors noted that fraud, like other crime, can best be explained by three factors: a supply of motivated offenders, the availability of suitable targets and the absence of capable guardians-control systems or someone to mind the store. Financial motivators obviously have a big impact on the cause of financial crime. These can range from an employee with an inability to pay her domestic bills to a senior executive under financial strain because he knows that market factors have adversely affected the business and analysts will be watching the latest results with eagerness. In this case, the strain may go beyond pure financial impact, but also to stature and reputation. Take the recent case of Computer Associates and its former CEO, Sanjay Kumar, and two other company executives. The governments indictment noted, Computer Associates prematurely recognized $2.2 b illion in revenue in FY 2000 and FY 2001 and more than $1.1 billion in premature revenue in prior quarters. The government also noted that the SEC alleges that from 1998 to 2000, Computer Associates routinely kept its books open to record revenue from contracts executed after the quarter ended in order to meet Wall Street quarterly earnings estimates. Computer Associates agreed to settlements with the SEC and the Justice Department to the tune of $225 million and agreed to reform its financial accounting controls. Some theorists have taken a big-picture approach and argued that white collar crime is the inevitable outcome of the competitive ethic of capitalism. According to this theory, competition is the field on which egotism and recklessness can have full play. We are constantly bombarded by images of the wealth and success that can be achieved through winning in the great experiment in social Darwinism in which we live. The inevitable result of such competition is the recognition of the economic inequality of winners and losers, which can be internalized as the constant fear of failing. This discontent may be sufficient to make a person see white-collar crime as the great equalizing act. The drive for money and the trappings of success are, therefore, the motivators of the act. The situation in which the potential white-collar offender finds him- or herself plays a most significant role in determining whether a crime will be committed. The corporate culture lived daily at the workplace can often create enormous pressures to commit criminal acts. Examples are common in the famous cases of price-fixing, bribery, and manufacture of dangerous products that occurred throughout the last century. A corrupt corporate culture can lead to the inversion of all values. Loyalty can easily slip into complicity. Criminal behaviour becomes normal. Team-playing becomes conspiracy. Fear of dismissal, ostracism, or losing the favour of superiors can be compelling forces in the world of a department or small company. In such an atmosphere, one learns criminal behaviour in association with those who define such behaviour favourably, as Sutherland contended. These acts cannot be explained by a personal history of instability and deviance since stability and conformity are the principal characteristics of these criminals lives. Even while committing the crimes, white-collar offenders are able to lead their conventional lives, which are, indeed, their camouflage. Their conventionality and stability are the foundation of the trustworthiness that gives them the opportunity to commit the crime in the first place. It is this life of conventionality that gives the criminal act the character of an aberration. It is, however, the white-collar criminals power of rationalization that is one of the most amazing aspects of their behaviour. They are able to behave normally and aberrantly at the same time without feeling conflict. This behaviour is possible through the use of techniques of neutralization. These are acts of mental deftness that allow persons to violate behavioural norms without simultaneously seeing themselves as deviant or criminal. Such self exculpating explanations can occur both before and after the commission of a criminal act. The most common rationalization noted several times already in this unit is that financial crimes do not hurt other people. Embezzlers commonly tell themselves they are merely borrowing the money and intend to return it later without anyone else being affected. Many embezzlers justify it because they had to do it to pay mounting family bills. Everybodys doing it is frequently heard as an argument for systematic wrongful company behaviour. Corporate offenders often consider laws as an unjust or unnecessary form of government interference disrupting free market forces. They may even argue that breaking the law was necessary for the survival of the company. Employees frequently offer a moral justification for their thefts with the argument that their employer owed them the money. Fraud simply expressed their grievance. For example, they feel exploited and underpaid or hurt after receiving a smaller-than-expected bonus. Many feel justified after being passed over for promotion; others feel they can do the job just as well as, if not better than, the person with the higher education. Personal antipathies, anger after a reprimand from the boss, and the like can all be self-serving explanations for fraud. In rare cases, mental illness can drive a person to commit fraud through a wish to damage the company. Others can be motivated by pure egotism; they commit fraud just to show how smart they are. Yet others are driven by anti capitalist ideologies and think they are destroying the system from within. Auditors Need to Understand the Mind of the Fraudster In the introduction to Why Smart People Do Dumb Things, Mortimer Feinberg and John J. Tarrant begin: If you are of above average intelligence-and if you have mastered the use of high intelligence to solve problems and achieve goals-it is the premise of this book that you are at risk [of perpetrating a fraud] because of the strength of your cognitive equipment. The book recounts tale after tale of successful professionals and politicians who did something dumb and ruined their lives. It is also a book that can help auditors understand the mind of the white-collar criminal. Because auditors, within the time at their disposal, cannot verify every transaction, they must make assumptions based on audit evidence gathered until the point of the decision. The more auditors understand about why criminals do what they do, the better prepared they may be to determine the nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures relative to the risks identified during the planning stage and modified, as may be warranted, on the basis of the audit evidence found. Professional skepticism is the attitude that must drive the financial statement audit. If we lived in a perfect world in which no one made mistakes, or lied, or cheated, or stole, audits would be unnecessary. But we dont, and so audits are required. Even with effective auditing, at the end of every audit and forensic accounting investigation, uncertainty will remain. As auditors continue to focus on the fact that smart people do dumb things and on the conditions under which white-collar criminals may act, auditors may be able to better select transactions worthy of expanded testing and know also how to evaluate the results of those tests. The so-called fraud triangle, offers three conditions that tend to be present when frauds occur: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Incentive or pressure à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Opportunity à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Rationalization and attitude Conclusion As auditors focus on the number of people they encounter in the course of an audit, they would probably agree that a great many of those people would no doubt have opportunities to commit fraud. How many others also have the undisclosed incentive and ability to rationalize that are demonstrably part of the fraud triangle? There is no easy way to judge this. In the design of controls to prevent financial crime and in the performance of audit procedures, it is important to keep in mind the expression, Locks on doors keep out honest people. Predators, as noted earlier, have a good chance of circumventing most of the controls a company puts in place. Fraud deterrence and detection controls are designed, theoretically, to stop everyone else, but they wont, because it is unrealistic to expect controls that can be designed to stop everyone. Collusion, for example, may well defeat a well-designed control and may not be detected in a timely manner by individuals performing daily control activities. The best fraud deterrence mechanism is simple: create the expectation in your organization that wrongdoers will be caught and that punishment will be swift and commensurate with the offense. The emphasis on expectation is important. It can be brought about in a number of ways. Effective training and education on the importance of ethical conduct, background checks on all employees, regular fraud audits by forensic accounting investigators, and a strong internal control system are among the means. To create that perception, employees must also be well aware that their activities are being monitored, and all employees with access to financial assets and transactions must have a healthy respect for the robustness of the control system. If employees believe they will be caught and punished for wrongdoing, that belief may be enough to keep them from adding rationalization to incentive and opportunity. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5328415408591190785.post-70682525521007643512019-11-13T19:54:00.001-08:002019-11-13T19:54:04.768-08:00Guns and Violence Essay -- Social Issues, CrimesGuns and violence have some long lasting effects on not only the crime rate, but the rights that people have to own guns themselves. Even though the violence is a factor in why many believe that guns should be banned, guns should be allowed and not banned because they should be allowed because of the laws and the rights of citizens allow them there rights. The ethics and laws that occur with the current and enduring debates are another meaningful point. As Supreme Court Cases rage on about how a cities ban on handguns could break amendments, this is how the topic has gained from it (Hoxie 474). As crime statistics begin to rise there are many reasons that they need to work on the juvenile justice system (Collier 478). The other topic of the age could become a factor is another point that many think needs to be changed, as a 13 year old child could commit murder, they would not be sentenced as severely as an adult (Cohen 481). The ethic and laws play a huge effect on guns and violence because of the effects it has on crime, and the citizens themselves play a huge role on the society that they live in. Violence has been connected with guns in todayââ¬â¢s society. For this reason a lot of cases have ended up in courts to try to decide what the truth about the second amendment is. As the U.S. Constitution guarantees people the right to bear arms. Not only is this but there debates about this amendment, that look to strike down the law in effect. There have been laws banning the ownership of handguns, which has been an attempt to stop the violence in districts. Many are searching for the correct way to regulate dangerous or potentially dangerous weapons, by doing this they would make the ownership of them illegal (Hoxie 474). But is the... ... that have guns. Even when violence is the factor it is why many believe that guns should be banned, guns should be allowed and not banned because of the rights that citizens have. The ethics and laws can occur with the current debates that get to meaningful points. The Supreme Court Cases continue to bring up how city bans on handguns break amendments, and this is how the topic has picked up from it (Hoxie 474). Crime statistics have risen for many reasons and they will need to work on the idea of a juvenile justice system (Collier 478). The idea of age can become another thing that might need changes, because a 13 year old child could commit murder and they would not be sentenced as severely as an adult (Cohen 481). The laws and ethics play huge effects on how guns and violence affect crime and the citizens themselves, in which hold a key role in the society. dorothyjohnso72http://www.blogger.com/profile/17923166933510863139noreply@blogger.com0